{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3191363992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477388","title":"How Does a COVID mRNA vaccine <i>really</i> work?","display_name":"How Does a COVID mRNA vaccine <i>really</i> work?","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3191363992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477388","mag":"3191363992"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3477388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477388","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3477388","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134936796","display_name":"Ubiquity","issn_l":"1530-2180","issn":["1530-2180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ubiquity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3477388","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000530309","display_name":"Walter F. Tichy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1288-454X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Walter Tichy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000530309"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0809,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3974203,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"July","first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13410","display_name":"Immune responses and vaccinations","score":0.960099995136261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13410","display_name":"Immune responses and vaccinations","score":0.960099995136261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.9593999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/messenger-rna","display_name":"Messenger RNA","score":0.7590440511703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-system","display_name":"Immune system","score":0.6240274906158447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus","display_name":"Virus","score":0.5230230689048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virology","display_name":"Virology","score":0.5031794905662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcription","display_name":"Transcription (linguistics)","score":0.46536922454833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rna","display_name":"RNA","score":0.4447406828403473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.4344877600669861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus","display_name":"Coronavirus","score":0.4273075759410858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.3758729100227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.31716659665107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-disease","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","score":0.30072253942489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2700895667076111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.2671831250190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.13495084643363953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.09730195999145508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.7590440511703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.6240274906158447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.5230230689048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.5031794905662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179926584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207714","display_name":"Transcription (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.46536922454833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67705224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053","display_name":"RNA","level":3,"score":0.4447406828403473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4344877600669861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57751738","display_name":"Coronavirus","level":5,"score":0.4273075759410858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.3758729100227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.31716659665107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.30072253942489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2700895667076111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.2671831250190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.13495084643363953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09730195999145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3477388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477388","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3477388","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134936796","display_name":"Ubiquity","issn_l":"1530-2180","issn":["1530-2180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ubiquity","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3477388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477388","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3477388","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134936796","display_name":"Ubiquity","issn_l":"1530-2180","issn":["1530-2180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ubiquity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3191363992.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3191363992.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487857142","https://openalex.org/W2142935324","https://openalex.org/W1986137505","https://openalex.org/W3045672972","https://openalex.org/W3169911146","https://openalex.org/W2118836977","https://openalex.org/W1785009683","https://openalex.org/W2035268935","https://openalex.org/W2028911170","https://openalex.org/W2150472220"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,14,52,75],"most":[1],"potent":[2],"weapon":[3],"against":[4],"COVID-19":[5],"is":[6,113,129,186],"a":[7,43,50,118,139,199],"vaccine":[8],"based":[9],"on":[10,68],"messenger":[11],"RNA":[12],"(mRNA).":[13],"first":[15],"of":[16,45,49,60,71,120,124,164,174],"these":[17,194],"vaccines":[18,41],"authorized":[19],"for":[20],"use":[21],"was":[22],"developed":[23],"by":[24,35,79,105],"the":[25,36,55,61,69,72,88,92,106,121,125,130,152,161,168,172,175,182,187],"German":[26],"company":[27],"BioNTech":[28],"in":[29],"cooperation":[30],"with":[31],"Pfizer,":[32],"closely":[33],"followed":[34],"(U.S.-produced)":[37],"Moderna":[38],"vaccine.":[39],"These":[40],"send":[42],"piece":[44],"mRNA":[46,53,114,137],"into":[47],"cells":[48,56],"host.":[51],"instructs":[54],"to":[57,81],"produce":[58,151],"masses":[59],"same":[62],"spike":[63,153],"protein":[64,154],"that":[65,85],"also":[66],"occurs":[67],"shell":[70],"real":[73,89],"coronavirus.":[74],"immune":[76,93,169,188],"system":[77,94,170],"responds":[78],"learning":[80],"destroy":[82],"anything":[83],"showing":[84],"protein:":[86],"if":[87],"virus":[90],"arrives,":[91],"will":[95,145],"attack":[96],"it":[97,146,150,157,180],"immediately.":[98],"This":[99],"much":[100],"has":[101],"been":[102],"reported":[103],"widely":[104],"media.":[107],"But":[108],"important":[109],"questions":[110],"remain.":[111],"How":[112,128,135,166],"actually":[115],"synthesized":[116],"as":[117],"transcription":[119],"spike-producing":[122],"segment":[123],"virus'":[126],"RNA?":[127],"selection":[131],"and":[132,142,184,206],"replication":[133],"done?":[134],"does":[136,167,179],"enter":[138],"host":[140],"cell,":[141],"how":[143,178,185],"long":[144],"stay":[147],"there?":[148],"Will":[149],"forever?":[155],"Is":[156],"perhaps":[158],"dangerous?":[159],"And":[160],"biggest":[162],"question":[163],"all:":[165],"record":[171],"structure":[173],"foreign":[176],"protein,":[177],"recognize":[181],"invader,":[183],"response":[189],"cranked":[190],"up?":[191],"To":[192],"answer":[193],"questions,":[195],"we":[196],"bring":[197],"you":[198],"conversation":[200],"between":[201],"Ubiquity":[202],"editor":[203],"Walter":[204],"Tichy":[205],"his":[207],"daughter":[208],"Dr.":[209],"Evelyn":[210],"Tichy,":[211],"an":[212],"infectious":[213],"disease":[214],"expert.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
