{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229064829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477314.3507226","title":"A comparison of online hate on reddit and 4chan","display_name":"A comparison of online hate on reddit and 4chan","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229064829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477314.3507226"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3477314.3507226","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477314.3507226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608665","display_name":"Proceedings of the 37th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 37th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032681138","display_name":"Fatima Zahrah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5353-5875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fatima Zahrah","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075453550","display_name":"Jason R. C. Nurse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4118-1680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason R. C. Nurse","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kent, Canterbury, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kent, Canterbury, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063148097","display_name":"Michael Goldsmith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7808-0600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Goldsmith","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032681138"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6236,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66106443,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1797","last_page":"1800"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11540","display_name":"Gender, Feminism, and Media","score":0.963100016117096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6542503833770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5684067010879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5585313439369202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.5295126438140869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenomenon","display_name":"Phenomenon","score":0.4920303523540497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.44543248414993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4077301621437073}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6542503833770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5684067010879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5585313439369202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5295126438140869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.4920303523540497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.44543248414993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4077301621437073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3477314.3507226","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477314.3507226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608665","display_name":"Proceedings of the 37th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 37th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kar.kent.ac.uk:92440","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477314.3507226>)","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196264","display_name":"Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","host_organization_name":"University of Kent","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8527692473","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S018964/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2740168486","https://openalex.org/W2752511152","https://openalex.org/W2774215862","https://openalex.org/W2915177913","https://openalex.org/W2969295616","https://openalex.org/W3029974735","https://openalex.org/W3037924069","https://openalex.org/W3048861113","https://openalex.org/W3132296239"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4300450609","https://openalex.org/W4386931570","https://openalex.org/W2391010541","https://openalex.org/W2357367123","https://openalex.org/W4388930439","https://openalex.org/W2387276901","https://openalex.org/W2385953334","https://openalex.org/W2351303360","https://openalex.org/W3134118520"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"integration":[2],"of":[3,20,59,84,133,164],"the":[4,46,70,102,119,130,165],"Internet":[5],"into":[6,72,129],"our":[7],"daily":[8],"lives":[9],"has":[10,36],"led":[11],"to":[12,17,68,91,101,158],"many":[13],"benefits":[14],"but":[15],"also":[16],"a":[18,53,77,153,160],"number":[19],"new,":[21],"wide-spread":[22],"threats":[23],"such":[24,50],"as":[25,157],"online":[26,39,61,73,134],"hate,":[27,40,135],"trolling,":[28],"bullying,":[29],"and":[30,98,112,136],"generally":[31],"aggressive":[32],"behaviours.":[33],"While":[34],"research":[35,151],"traditionally":[37],"explored":[38],"in":[41],"particular,":[42],"on":[43,118],"one":[44],"platform,":[45],"reality":[47],"is":[48,52],"that":[49,55],"hate":[51,74,167],"phenomenon":[54],"often":[56],"makes":[57],"use":[58,83],"multiple":[60],"networks.":[62],"In":[63],"this":[64],"article,":[65],"we":[66,81,125],"seek":[67],"advance":[69],"discussion":[71],"by":[75],"harnessing":[76],"comparative":[78],"approach,":[79],"where":[80],"make":[82],"various":[85],"Natural":[86],"Language":[87],"Processing":[88],"(NLP)":[89],"techniques":[90],"computationally":[92],"analyse":[93],"hateful":[94],"content":[95,111],"from":[96],"Reddit":[97],"4chan":[99],"relating":[100],"2020":[103],"US":[104],"Presidential":[105],"Elections.":[106],"Our":[107],"findings":[108],"show":[109],"how":[110,137],"posting":[113],"activity":[114],"can":[115,140],"differ":[116],"depending":[117],"platform":[120],"being":[121],"used.":[122],"Through":[123],"this,":[124],"provide":[126,146],"initial":[127],"comparison":[128],"platform-specific":[131],"behaviours":[132],"different":[138],"platforms":[139],"serve":[141],"specific":[142],"purposes.":[143],"We":[144],"further":[145],"several":[147],"avenues":[148],"for":[149],"future":[150],"utilising":[152],"cross-platform":[154],"approach":[155],"so":[156],"gain":[159],"more":[161],"comprehensive":[162],"understanding":[163],"global":[166],"ecosystem.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-05-08T00:00:00"}
