{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229076767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477314.3506968","title":"A longitudinal study of hacker behaviour","display_name":"A longitudinal study of hacker behaviour","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229076767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477314.3506968"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3477314.3506968","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477314.3506968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608665","display_name":"Proceedings of the 37th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 37th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017628278","display_name":"Thomas Walshe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9805-3156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Walshe","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090084463","display_name":"Andrew Simpson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3597-2232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Simpson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8088,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63809281,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1465","last_page":"1474"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hacker","display_name":"Hacker","score":0.9842456579208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6681276559829712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curiosity","display_name":"Curiosity","score":0.6279358267784119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5614867210388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5516810417175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5287879109382629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4037344455718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.09586003422737122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08189398050308228}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86844869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798820","display_name":"Hacker","level":2,"score":0.9842456579208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6681276559829712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33435437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366791","display_name":"Curiosity","level":2,"score":0.6279358267784119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5614867210388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5516810417175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5287879109382629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4037344455718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.09586003422737122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08189398050308228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3477314.3506968","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477314.3506968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608665","display_name":"Proceedings of the 37th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 37th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:85551ffd-930d-460c-9cfc-fe5a463db0fc","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:85551ffd-930d-460c-9cfc-fe5a463db0fc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symplectic Elements","raw_type":"Conference item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580437619","https://openalex.org/W2021348304","https://openalex.org/W2041826795","https://openalex.org/W2065461065","https://openalex.org/W2154794291","https://openalex.org/W2155146488","https://openalex.org/W2155597028","https://openalex.org/W2168765606","https://openalex.org/W2169533279","https://openalex.org/W2178171640","https://openalex.org/W2288264901","https://openalex.org/W2513442265","https://openalex.org/W2621759135","https://openalex.org/W2794659749","https://openalex.org/W2901269799","https://openalex.org/W2946540753","https://openalex.org/W2949488362","https://openalex.org/W2963863248","https://openalex.org/W3022734214","https://openalex.org/W3102446060","https://openalex.org/W3124482031"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285676344","https://openalex.org/W3094054656","https://openalex.org/W2123270665","https://openalex.org/W4382584175","https://openalex.org/W2060310955","https://openalex.org/W2284924956","https://openalex.org/W3043413210","https://openalex.org/W2613740288","https://openalex.org/W4383268304","https://openalex.org/W3163092301"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bug":[0],"bounty":[1,27],"programmes":[2],"employ":[3],"the":[4,21,31,48,61,77,135,146,156],"skills":[5],"and":[6,16,53,127],"curiosity":[7],"of":[8,33,63,80,125,148],"independent":[9],"security":[10],"researchers":[11],"(hackers)":[12],"to":[13,38,46,59,70,134,152],"support":[14],"pre-":[15],"post-deployment":[17],"security.":[18],"Driven":[19],"by":[20,138],"question":[22],"How":[23],"effective":[24],"are":[25],"bug":[26],"platforms":[28],"at":[29,96],"retaining":[30,145],"interest":[32],"hackers?,":[34],"this":[35],"paper":[36],"aims":[37],"address":[39],"two":[40],"issues":[41],"concerning":[42],"hackers'":[43],"behaviour.":[44],"First,":[45],"resolve":[47],"information":[49],"asymmetry":[50],"between":[51],"programme":[52,72,139],"platform":[54],"operators,":[55],"it":[56],"is":[57],"necessary":[58],"measure":[60],"number":[62,124],"active":[64],"hackers":[65,81,89,129,149],"on":[66,101],"a":[67,83,122],"platform.":[68,84],"Second,":[69],"assist":[71],"operators'":[73],"understanding,":[74],"we":[75],"identify":[76],"archetypal":[78],"behaviours":[79],"across":[82],"We":[85,119],"found":[86],"that":[87,121],"6,813":[88],"(with":[90,107],"public":[91],"accounts)":[92],"have":[93],"successfully":[94],"submitted":[95],"least":[97],"one":[98],"vulnerability":[99],"report":[100],"Bugcrowd.":[102],"Of":[103],"these,":[104],"approximately":[105],"45%":[106],"an":[108],"account":[109],"age":[110],"greater":[111],"than":[112],"9":[113],"months)":[114],"can":[115,150],"be":[116],"considered":[117],"inactive.":[118],"conclude":[120],"significant":[123],"inactive":[126],"unproductive":[128],"may":[130],"contribute,":[131],"in":[132,144],"part,":[133],"difficulties":[136,143],"faced":[137],"operators.":[140],"In":[141],"particular,":[142],"focus":[147],"lead":[151],"underwhelming":[153],"returns":[154],"from":[155],"resources":[157],"invested.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
