{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3202938876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477244.3477621","title":"The cyber-physical immune system","display_name":"The cyber-physical immune system","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3202938876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477244.3477621","mag":"3202938876"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3477244.3477621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477244.3477621","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3477244.3477621","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Embedded Software","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3477244.3477621","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077163801","display_name":"Bo Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6488-6854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000122647","display_name":"Ashank Verma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashank Verma","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082640292","display_name":"Jingchao Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingchao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032980399","display_name":"Inigo Incer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7933-692X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inigo Incer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088660554","display_name":"Alberto Sangiovanni\u2010Vincentelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1298-8389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077163801"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11114861,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"43","last_page":"44"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.8584773540496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7107377052307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6672448515892029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6562190651893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4673825800418854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","score":0.4513102173805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.14890605211257935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.8584773540496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7107377052307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6672448515892029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6562190651893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4673825800418854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.4513102173805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.14890605211257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3477244.3477621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477244.3477621","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3477244.3477621","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Embedded Software","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3477244.3477621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477244.3477621","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3477244.3477621","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Embedded Software","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3202938876.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3202938876.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188972169","https://openalex.org/W2541767852","https://openalex.org/W2803355698","https://openalex.org/W2889253201","https://openalex.org/W4249816251"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3004173571","https://openalex.org/W2546638913","https://openalex.org/W2209816623","https://openalex.org/W2968885840","https://openalex.org/W2963077982","https://openalex.org/W2008822734","https://openalex.org/W4242728933","https://openalex.org/W2493430149","https://openalex.org/W3088911518","https://openalex.org/W4385250032"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cyber-Physical":[0,28],"Systems":[1],"(CPS)":[2],"are":[3],"important":[4],"components":[5],"of":[6,15,34,42,57,82],"critical":[7],"infrastructure":[8],"and":[9,17,36,87],"must":[10],"operate":[11],"with":[12],"high":[13],"levels":[14],"reliability":[16],"security.":[18],"We":[19],"propose":[20],"a":[21,32,43],"conceptual":[22],"approach":[23],"to":[24,71,75],"securing":[25],"CPSs:":[26],"the":[27,51,65,76,80],"Immune":[29],"System":[30],"(CPIS),":[31],"collection":[33],"hardware":[35],"software":[37],"elements":[38],"deployed":[39],"on":[40],"top":[41],"conventional":[44,66],"CPS.":[45],"Inspired":[46],"by":[47],"its":[48],"biological":[49],"counterpart,":[50],"CPIS":[52],"comprises":[53],"an":[54],"independent":[55],"network":[56],"distributed":[58],"computing":[59],"units":[60],"that":[61],"collects":[62],"data":[63],"from":[64],"CPS,":[67],"utilizes":[68],"data-driven":[69],"techniques":[70],"identify":[72],"threats,":[73],"adapts":[74],"changing":[77],"environment,":[78],"alerts":[79],"user":[81],"any":[83],"threats":[84],"or":[85],"anomalies,":[86],"deploys":[88],"threat-mitigation":[89],"strategies.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
