{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205101832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477145.3477154","title":"Computational Complexity of Neuromorphic Algorithms","display_name":"Computational Complexity of Neuromorphic Algorithms","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205101832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477145.3477154","mag":"3205101832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3477145.3477154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477145.3477154","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on Neuromorphic Systems 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1831643","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047288261","display_name":"Prasanna Date","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1664-069X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Prasanna Date","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046319147","display_name":"Bill Kay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8288-8953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bill Kay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033784578","display_name":"Catherine D. Schuman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4264-8097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Schuman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021986280","display_name":"Robert M. Patton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8101-0571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Patton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000241304","display_name":"Thomas E. Potok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6687-3435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Potok","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047288261"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8129,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72464215,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.9915332794189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7282693386077881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.6178867220878601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.51387619972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5009684562683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4139629304409027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.364993691444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3281119763851166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.2631744146347046}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.9915332794189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7282693386077881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.6178867220878601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.51387619972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5009684562683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4139629304409027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.364993691444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3281119763851166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2631744146347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3477145.3477154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477145.3477154","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on Neuromorphic Systems 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1831643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1831643","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1831643","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:2441128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2441128","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2441128","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1831643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1831643","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1831643","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1489425746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-00OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1645119126","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC05-00OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1719536385","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-00OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2042897603","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-00OR2272","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316892","funder_display_name":"UT-Battelle"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2296932962","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-00OR227","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3299391273","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"E-AC05-00OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4370606643","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-00OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337506","funder_display_name":"Advanced Scientific Computing Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4694431782","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-00OR2272","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5726405315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306250","funder_display_name":"Battelle"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6129992089","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316892","funder_display_name":"UT-Battelle"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6488227018","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-00OR227","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6864165199","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-00OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306250","funder_display_name":"Battelle"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G691578896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-00OR2272","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7340972926","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"other","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7995982022","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8269158468","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC05-00OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8414908677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8799952057","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-00OR22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8906985441","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8943143067","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC05-00OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316892","funder_display_name":"UT-Battelle"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306250","display_name":"Battelle","ror":"https://ror.org/01h5tnr73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316892","display_name":"UT-Battelle","ror":"https://ror.org/04nza6677"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","display_name":"Office of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmn6b08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337506","display_name":"Advanced Scientific Computing Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0012c7r22"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3205101832.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543681585","https://openalex.org/W2076964542","https://openalex.org/W2149257324","https://openalex.org/W2400579039","https://openalex.org/W2549083315","https://openalex.org/W2752853835","https://openalex.org/W2784327807","https://openalex.org/W2914727454","https://openalex.org/W2969536663","https://openalex.org/W2977464668","https://openalex.org/W2978500892","https://openalex.org/W2980819124","https://openalex.org/W3036005995","https://openalex.org/W3036016986","https://openalex.org/W3036180802","https://openalex.org/W3036600220","https://openalex.org/W3041013009","https://openalex.org/W3045570916","https://openalex.org/W3045595568","https://openalex.org/W3046127916","https://openalex.org/W3093661149","https://openalex.org/W3106856777","https://openalex.org/W3157488278","https://openalex.org/W4249536572"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2986579802","https://openalex.org/W3108691306","https://openalex.org/W4389237622","https://openalex.org/W2166309310","https://openalex.org/W4385753159","https://openalex.org/W4200152843","https://openalex.org/W4387251107","https://openalex.org/W4214914769","https://openalex.org/W4283271085","https://openalex.org/W2477549100"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neuromorphic":[0],"computing":[1,11,58],"has":[2],"several":[3],"characteristics":[4,20,35],"that":[5,102],"make":[6],"it":[7],"an":[8],"extremely":[9],"compelling":[10],"paradigm":[12],"for":[13],"post":[14],"Moore":[15],"computation.":[16,32,146],"Some":[17],"of":[18,49,52,65,69,87,95,107,121,137,144,157],"these":[19,34],"include":[21],"intrinsic":[22],"parallelism,":[23],"inherent":[24],"scalability,":[25],"collocated":[26],"processing":[27],"and":[28,30,84,98,130,152,172],"memory,":[29],"event-driven":[31],"While":[33],"impart":[36],"energy":[37],"efficiency":[38],"to":[39,60,116],"neuromorphic":[40,57,70,88,96,108,123,138,145,159,169],"systems,":[41],"they":[42],"do":[43],"come":[44],"with":[45],"their":[46],"own":[47],"set":[48],"challenges.":[50],"One":[51],"the":[53,62,66,77,82,100,104,118,135,154],"biggest":[54],"challenges":[55],"in":[56,134],"is":[59],"establish":[61],"theoretical":[63,114],"underpinnings":[64],"computational":[67,105,119,155],"complexity":[68,86,106,120],"algorithms.":[71,89,109],"In":[72],"this":[73],"paper,":[74],"we":[75,91,111,148],"take":[76],"first":[78],"steps":[79],"towards":[80],"defining":[81],"space":[83,129],"time":[85,131],"Specifically,":[90],"describe":[92],"a":[93,113,122],"model":[94,143],"computation":[97],"state":[99],"assumptions":[101],"govern":[103],"Next,":[110],"present":[112],"framework":[115],"define":[117,127,153],"algorithm.":[124,176],"We":[125],"explicitly":[126],"what":[128],"complexities":[132,156],"mean":[133],"context":[136],"algorithms":[139],"based":[140],"on":[141],"our":[142,150],"Finally,":[147],"leverage":[149],"approach":[151],"six":[158],"algorithms:":[160],"constant":[161],"function,":[162,164,166,168],"successor":[163],"predecessor":[165],"projection":[167],"sorting":[170],"algorithm":[171],"neighborhood":[173],"subgraph":[174],"extraction":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T15:07:20.185449","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}