{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207909428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477132.3483578","title":"RAS","display_name":"RAS","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207909428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477132.3483578","mag":"3207909428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3477132.3483578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477132.3483578","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGOPS 28th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059611395","display_name":"Andrew J. Newell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4216-9325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Newell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102931209","display_name":"Dimitrios Skarlatos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0289-5499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios Skarlatos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University and Facebook"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University and Facebook","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067167485","display_name":"Jingyuan Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9080-5053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyuan Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108552858","display_name":"Pavan Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5966-2422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavan Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091282429","display_name":"Maxim Khutornenko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maxim Khutornenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109939581","display_name":"Mayank Pundir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mayank Pundir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019656902","display_name":"Yirui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4839-0049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yirui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108229342","display_name":"Mingjun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5529-1349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingjun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018984473","display_name":"Yuanlai Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanlai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103189799","display_name":"Linh Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0087-3448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linh Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059824176","display_name":"Brendon Daugherty","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brendon Daugherty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Previously at Facebook"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Previously at Facebook","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038234358","display_name":"Apurva Samudra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Apurva Samudra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Previously at Facebook"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Previously at Facebook","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041679166","display_name":"Prashasti Baid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prashasti Baid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048008352","display_name":"James Kneeland","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Kneeland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045347722","display_name":"Igor Kabiljo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Igor Kabiljo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024535129","display_name":"Dmitry G. Shchukin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2936-804X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmitry Shchukin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053700630","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3849-5515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andre Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027420409","display_name":"Scott Michelson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Michelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055775809","display_name":"Ben Christensen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Christensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020883423","display_name":"Kaushik Veeraraghavan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaushik Veeraraghavan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070094618","display_name":"Chunqiang Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0133-4800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunqiang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":21,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059611395"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3049,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93131556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"505","last_page":"520"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7770382761955261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reservation","display_name":"Reservation","score":0.7584985494613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.7266781330108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5665816068649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5300735235214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.4675670266151428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.39545971155166626}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7770382761955261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777632111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1937518","display_name":"Reservation","level":2,"score":0.7584985494613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.7266781330108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5665816068649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5300735235214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.4675670266151428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.39545971155166626}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3477132.3483578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477132.3483578","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGOPS 28th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1464363888","https://openalex.org/W1502450072","https://openalex.org/W2014722142","https://openalex.org/W2022678927","https://openalex.org/W2055748525","https://openalex.org/W2074814670","https://openalex.org/W2102709380","https://openalex.org/W2102849319","https://openalex.org/W2105947650","https://openalex.org/W2133569115","https://openalex.org/W2137726616","https://openalex.org/W2141992894","https://openalex.org/W2160121678","https://openalex.org/W2163961697","https://openalex.org/W2171782049","https://openalex.org/W2289698129","https://openalex.org/W2335814492","https://openalex.org/W2521597241","https://openalex.org/W2537369414","https://openalex.org/W2572234696","https://openalex.org/W2576355797","https://openalex.org/W2612759782","https://openalex.org/W2764100055","https://openalex.org/W2798619410","https://openalex.org/W2810799211","https://openalex.org/W2913264117","https://openalex.org/W2953498285","https://openalex.org/W2981783523","https://openalex.org/W3021027963","https://openalex.org/W3092725982","https://openalex.org/W3094979291","https://openalex.org/W3095227533","https://openalex.org/W3206565877","https://openalex.org/W6764198421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092530219","https://openalex.org/W2379215383","https://openalex.org/W2271928667","https://openalex.org/W246884077","https://openalex.org/W3210156514","https://openalex.org/W2387553833","https://openalex.org/W2388464034","https://openalex.org/W2131387076","https://openalex.org/W2381833100","https://openalex.org/W2533125852"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Capacity":[0],"reservation":[1,18,61],"is":[2],"a":[3,57,64,71,76,87,90,102,114,117],"common":[4],"offering":[5],"in":[6,86,113,132],"public":[7],"clouds":[8],"and":[9,27,33,51,101,156],"on-premise":[10],"infrastructure.":[11],"However,":[12],"no":[13],"prior":[14],"work":[15],"provides":[16,52],"capacity":[17,58],"with":[19],"SLO":[20],"guarantees":[21],"that":[22],"takes":[23],"into":[24],"account":[25],"random":[26],"correlated":[28],"hardware":[29],"failures,":[30],"datacenter":[31],"maintenance,":[32],"heterogeneous":[34],"hardware.":[35],"In":[36],"this":[37],"paper,":[38],"we":[39],"describe":[40,151],"how":[41],"Facebook's":[42,122],"region-scale":[43],"Resource":[44],"Allowance":[45],"System":[46],"(RAS)":[47],"addresses":[48],"these":[49],"issues":[50],"guaranteed":[53],"capacity.":[54],"RAS":[55,128,155],"uses":[56],"abstraction":[59],"called":[60],"to":[62,70,79,83,146],"represent":[63],"set":[65],"of":[66,109,121,142,144,148,154,160],"servers":[67,112,145],"dynamically":[68],"assigned":[69],"logical":[72],"cluster.":[73],"We":[74,150],"take":[75],"two-level":[77],"approach":[78],"scale":[80],"resource":[81],"allocation":[82,141],"all":[84],"datacenters":[85],"region,":[88],"where":[89],"mixed-integer-programming":[91],"solver":[92],"continuously":[93,138],"optimizes":[94],"server-to-reservation":[95],"assignments":[96],"off":[97],"the":[98,140,152],"critical":[99],"path,":[100],"traditional":[103],"container":[104],"allocator":[105],"does":[106],"real-time":[107],"placement":[108],"containers":[110],"on":[111],"reservation.":[115],"As":[116],"relatively":[118],"new":[119],"component":[120],"10-year":[123],"old":[124],"cluster":[125],"manager":[126],"Twine,":[127],"has":[129],"been":[130],"running":[131],"production":[133],"for":[134],"almost":[135],"two":[136],"years,":[137],"optimizing":[139],"millions":[143],"thousands":[147],"reservations.":[149],"design":[153],"share":[157],"our":[158],"experience":[159],"deploying":[161],"it":[162],"at":[163],"scale.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-10-25T00:00:00"}