{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229065033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3476883.3520209","title":"Modeling cyberattacks with extended Petri nets","display_name":"Modeling cyberattacks with extended Petri nets","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229065033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3476883.3520209"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3476883.3520209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3476883.3520209","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Southeast Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003894658","display_name":"Mikel D. Petty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9838-2016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82495205","display_name":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsxwr40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikel D. Petty","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alabama in Huntsville"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035869278","display_name":"Tymaine S. Whitaker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5852-6601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82495205","display_name":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsxwr40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tymaine S. Whitaker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alabama in Huntsville"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030410428","display_name":"E. Michael Bearss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8025-2318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82495205","display_name":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsxwr40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Michael Bearss","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alabama in Huntsville"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088836648","display_name":"John A. Bland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8549-3451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82495205","display_name":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsxwr40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John A. Bland","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alabama in Huntsville"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062654312","display_name":"Walter Alan Cantrell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2510-5119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192487284","display_name":"Lipscomb University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gdc3814","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192487284"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter Alan Cantrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lipscomb University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lipscomb University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192487284"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067628164","display_name":"C. Daniel Colvett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3461-1486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82495205","display_name":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsxwr40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Daniel Colvett","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alabama in Huntsville"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004866788","display_name":"Katia P. Maxwell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0840-6200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72702400","display_name":"Athens State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx16v02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72702400"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katia P. Maxwell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athens State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athens State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72702400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7587,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86241799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"67","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.80450838804245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.7892767190933228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.7779502868652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petri-net","display_name":"Petri net","score":0.7650397419929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.543221116065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.42110028862953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.28559452295303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.13561874628067017}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.80450838804245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.7892767190933228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.7779502868652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38677869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q724168","display_name":"Petri net","level":2,"score":0.7650397419929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.543221116065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.42110028862953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.28559452295303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.13561874628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3476883.3520209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3476883.3520209","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Southeast Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996109622","https://openalex.org/W2089591250","https://openalex.org/W2163051406","https://openalex.org/W2163352153","https://openalex.org/W2474253221","https://openalex.org/W2581103495","https://openalex.org/W2771752929","https://openalex.org/W2772085561","https://openalex.org/W2774222527","https://openalex.org/W2810144504","https://openalex.org/W2944380020","https://openalex.org/W3030342178","https://openalex.org/W3162993906"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350278424","https://openalex.org/W1551257573","https://openalex.org/W2071432835","https://openalex.org/W4230983483","https://openalex.org/W1980200158","https://openalex.org/W2132799268","https://openalex.org/W4234371507","https://openalex.org/W2154794415","https://openalex.org/W2602597272","https://openalex.org/W1491520229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"research":[1,7],"program":[2],"consisting":[3],"of":[4,18,43,56,66,107,117,143,163],"several":[5],"interconnected":[6],"projects":[8],"in":[9,76,89,129,187],"cybersecurity":[10],"modeling":[11,52],"is":[12,22,155,185],"described.":[13],"First,":[14],"a":[15,41,130,140,144],"public":[16],"database":[17,74],"known":[19],"cyberattack":[20,28,72,83,94,119,153,183],"patterns":[21],"automatically":[23,133,208],"processed":[24],"to":[25,51,80,99,138,189,202,211],"generate":[26,81],"executable":[27],"component":[29,84,95,120],"models,":[30],"one":[31],"for":[32],"each":[33],"attack":[34,212],"pattern.":[35],"The":[36],"models":[37,85,96,121],"are":[38,97,132,200],"expressed":[39],"using":[40],"form":[42,139],"Petri":[44],"nets":[45],"extended":[46],"with":[47],"additional":[48],"features":[49],"specific":[50,165],"cyberattacks,":[53],"including":[54],"representations":[55,106],"the":[57,64,71,77,82,87,93,112,118,150,164,168,181,193,215],"attacker":[58],"and":[59,63,103,105,127,135,157,167,177],"defender,":[60],"their":[61,67],"strategies,":[62],"cost":[65],"actions.":[68],"Second,":[69],"because":[70],"pattern":[73],"used":[75,201],"first":[78],"project":[79],"describes":[86],"attacks":[88],"an":[90,160],"attacker-centric":[91],"manner,":[92],"enhanced":[98],"include":[100],"defender":[101],"actions":[102],"responses":[104],"normal":[108],"user":[109],"activities":[110],"on":[111,192],"computer":[113,147,170,195,217],"system.":[114,148,171,196,218],"Third,":[115],"subsets":[116],"that":[122,207],"have":[123],"been":[124],"previously":[125],"generated":[126],"stored":[128],"repository":[131],"selected":[134],"composed":[136],"(linked)":[137],"complete":[141],"model":[142,154,162,184],"particular":[145],"target":[146,169,194,216],"Fourth,":[149],"assembled":[151],"composite":[152],"verified":[156],"validated":[158,182],"as":[159],"accurate":[161],"cyberattacks":[166,191],"This":[172],"process":[173],"uses":[174],"application-relevant":[175],"verification":[176],"validation":[178],"methodologies.":[179],"Finally,":[180],"executed":[186],"order":[188],"simulate":[190],"Multiple":[197],"simulation":[198],"iterations":[199],"drive":[203],"reinforcement":[204],"learning":[205],"methods":[206],"improve":[209],"strategies":[210],"or":[213],"defend":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}