{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200174914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3476229","title":"Hardware Acceleration of High-Performance Computational Flow Dynamics Using High-Bandwidth Memory-Enabled Field-Programmable Gate Arrays","display_name":"Hardware Acceleration of High-Performance Computational Flow Dynamics Using High-Bandwidth Memory-Enabled Field-Programmable Gate Arrays","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200174914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3476229"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3476229","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3476229","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112809824","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","issn_l":"1936-7406","issn":["1936-7406","1936-7414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.01745","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007897603","display_name":"Tom Hogervorst","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tom Hogervorst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073795444","display_name":"R\u0103zvan Nane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4175-6560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R\u0103zvan Nane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4175-6560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023794235","display_name":"Giacomo Marchiori","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Marchiori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data Accelerate B.V., Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data Accelerate B.V., Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033626149","display_name":"Tong Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6188-1030"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Dong Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data Accelerate B.V., Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data Accelerate B.V., Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070268641","display_name":"Markus Blatt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801702922","display_name":"Oslo Stock Exchange","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5nvk39","country_code":"NO","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801702922"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Blatt","raw_affiliation_strings":["OPM-OS AS, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OPM-OS AS, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801702922"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066422821","display_name":"Alf Birger Rustad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49324905","display_name":"Equinor (Norway)","ror":"https://ror.org/017mte255","country_code":"NO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49324905"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alf Birger Rustad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Equinor S.A., Rotvoll, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Equinor S.A., Rotvoll, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49324905"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007897603"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.178,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49544233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10339","display_name":"Advanced Numerical Methods in Computational Mathematics","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10339","display_name":"Advanced Numerical Methods in Computational Mathematics","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8317434191703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.6379621624946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6294158697128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-bandwidth","display_name":"Memory bandwidth","score":0.6259585022926331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.5696219205856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.5521949529647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gate-array","display_name":"Gate array","score":0.5241793990135193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5047339200973511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercomputer","display_name":"Supercomputer","score":0.47016212344169617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurable-computing","display_name":"Reconfigurable computing","score":0.44496089220046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3679963946342468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3442072570323944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.333462119102478}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8317434191703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.6379621624946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6294158697128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188045654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17148339","display_name":"Memory bandwidth","level":2,"score":0.6259585022926331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.5696219205856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.5521949529647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114237110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114901","display_name":"Gate array","level":3,"score":0.5241793990135193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5047339200973511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83283714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121117","display_name":"Supercomputer","level":2,"score":0.47016212344169617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142962650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240838","display_name":"Reconfigurable computing","level":3,"score":0.44496089220046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3679963946342468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3442072570323944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.333462119102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3476229","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3476229","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112809824","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","issn_l":"1936-7406","issn":["1936-7406","1936-7414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2101.01745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.01745","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.01745","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:695b9a87-d7b5-4076-aac4-1418c394da67","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:695b9a87-d7b5-4076-aac4-1418c394da67","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2101.01745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.01745","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.01745","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506342804","https://openalex.org/W1588915715","https://openalex.org/W1906046253","https://openalex.org/W1981252059","https://openalex.org/W1994182141","https://openalex.org/W2001516427","https://openalex.org/W2004455575","https://openalex.org/W2025727801","https://openalex.org/W2035080386","https://openalex.org/W2086248480","https://openalex.org/W2095258827","https://openalex.org/W2119697285","https://openalex.org/W2155216327","https://openalex.org/W2165527278","https://openalex.org/W2343695530","https://openalex.org/W2476506026","https://openalex.org/W2795694504","https://openalex.org/W2971441423","https://openalex.org/W2979448636","https://openalex.org/W3035123675","https://openalex.org/W3043048973","https://openalex.org/W3089646476","https://openalex.org/W3150230160","https://openalex.org/W4241803778","https://openalex.org/W4245683599","https://openalex.org/W4287280254","https://openalex.org/W6767339325"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384867379","https://openalex.org/W2329539859","https://openalex.org/W2227905990","https://openalex.org/W2765823764","https://openalex.org/W2806213018","https://openalex.org/W1982150706","https://openalex.org/W3100614559","https://openalex.org/W2051264921","https://openalex.org/W2143386935","https://openalex.org/W4210264611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Scientific":[0],"computing":[1,49],"is":[2,28],"at":[3],"the":[4,17,38,52,57,74,86,94,106,138,146,164,175,179],"core":[5],"of":[6,16,40,51,76,85,102,108,163],"many":[7],"High-Performance":[8,82],"Computing":[9,83],"applications,":[10],"including":[11],"computational":[12,24],"flow":[13],"dynamics.":[14],"Because":[15],"utmost":[18],"importance":[19],"to":[20,33,36,54],"simulate":[21],"increasingly":[22],"larger":[23],"models,":[25],"hardware":[26],"acceleration":[27],"receiving":[29],"increased":[30],"attention":[31],"due":[32],"its":[34],"potential":[35,75],"maximize":[37],"performance":[39],"scientific":[41,48],"computing.":[42],"Field-Programmable":[43,78],"Gate":[44,79],"Arrays":[45,80],"could":[46],"accelerate":[47],"because":[50,84],"possibility":[53],"fully":[55],"customize":[56],"memory":[58,98],"hierarchy":[59],"important":[60],"in":[61,81,89,96,143,168,174],"irregular":[62],"applications":[63],"such":[64,92],"as":[65,93],"iterative":[66,141],"linear":[67],"solvers.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70,115],"article,":[71],"we":[72,117,158],"study":[73],"using":[77,178,187,197],"rapid":[87],"advances":[88],"reconfigurable":[90],"hardware,":[91],"increase":[95],"on-chip":[97],"size,":[99],"increasing":[100],"number":[101],"logic":[103],"cells,":[104],"and":[105,125,172,196],"integration":[107],"High-Bandwidth":[109],"Memories":[110],"on":[111],"board.":[112],"To":[113],"perform":[114,159],"study,":[116],"propose":[118],"a":[119,132,151,160,182,188],"novel":[120],"Sparse":[121],"Matrix-Vector":[122],"multiplication":[123],"unit":[124],"an":[126],"ILU0":[127],"preconditioner":[128],"tightly":[129],"integrated":[130,173],"with":[131,190],"BiCGStab":[133],"solver":[134,142,166],"kernel.":[135],"We":[136],"integrate":[137],"developed":[139],"preconditioned":[140],"Flow":[144],"from":[145],"Open":[147],"Porous":[148],"Media":[149],"project,":[150],"state-of-the-art":[152],"open":[153],"source":[154],"reservoir":[155,176,185],"simulator.":[156],"Finally,":[157],"thorough":[161],"evaluation":[162],"FPGA":[165],"kernel":[167],"both":[169],"stand-alone":[170],"mode":[171],"simulator,":[177],"NORNE":[180],"field,":[181],"real-world":[183],"case":[184],"model":[186],"grid":[189],"more":[191],"than":[192],"10":[193],"5":[194],"cells":[195],"three":[198],"unknowns":[199],"per":[200],"cell.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}