{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214886000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474841","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Trajectory Pricing on Ride-hailing Platforms","display_name":"Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Trajectory Pricing on Ride-hailing Platforms","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214886000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474841"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3474841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007928773","display_name":"Jianbin Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianbin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xidian University, XiAn, Shanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xidian University, XiAn, Shanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030107601","display_name":"Longji Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9184-381X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longji Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xidian University, XiAn, Shanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xidian University, XiAn, Shanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055030554","display_name":"Meijuan Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meijuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xidian University, XiAn, Shanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xidian University, XiAn, Shanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100317816","display_name":"He Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6429-9097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xidian University, XiAn, Shanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xidian University, XiAn, Shanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025502847","display_name":"Qinglin Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4212-5499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinglin Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xidian University, XiAn, Shanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xidian University, XiAn, Shanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029088205","display_name":"Xiaoke Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5604-7137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoke Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xidian University, XiAn, Shanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xidian University, XiAn, Shanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048420839","display_name":"Jiangtao Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5569-0780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangtao Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xidian University, XiAn, Shanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xidian University, XiAn, Shanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060381913","display_name":"De-Shuang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6759-2691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"De-Shuang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Academy of Science, China and Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Academy of Science, China and Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9522,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91183805,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8793520331382751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8188223838806152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.7520461678504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-pricing","display_name":"Dynamic pricing","score":0.7379111647605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue-management","display_name":"Revenue management","score":0.5392554998397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.5052078366279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bellman-equation","display_name":"Bellman equation","score":0.5047632455825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.48848044872283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.435674786567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4311107397079468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.3848830461502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23778432607650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.1458427906036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.10484060645103455}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8793520331382751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8188223838806152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.7520461678504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779391423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17009728","display_name":"Dynamic pricing","level":2,"score":0.7379111647605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781386248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11898700","display_name":"Revenue management","level":3,"score":0.5392554998397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.5052078366279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14646407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430750","display_name":"Bellman equation","level":2,"score":0.5047632455825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.48848044872283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.435674786567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4311107397079468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.3848830461502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23778432607650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1458427906036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.10484060645103455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3474841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8734838407","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61876138","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983470923","https://openalex.org/W1990110120","https://openalex.org/W2034059032","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2173248099","https://openalex.org/W2343935207","https://openalex.org/W2487598231","https://openalex.org/W2539533694","https://openalex.org/W2574840814","https://openalex.org/W2578006044","https://openalex.org/W2736601468","https://openalex.org/W2781726626","https://openalex.org/W2795276745","https://openalex.org/W2901533797","https://openalex.org/W2909452395","https://openalex.org/W2912582449","https://openalex.org/W2942911487","https://openalex.org/W2963864421","https://openalex.org/W2972017928","https://openalex.org/W2972615367","https://openalex.org/W2979079868","https://openalex.org/W2989127100","https://openalex.org/W2998596932","https://openalex.org/W3123649824","https://openalex.org/W3124889190","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4298857966","https://openalex.org/W6637967152","https://openalex.org/W6741002519"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2420409956","https://openalex.org/W2029598999","https://openalex.org/W4388340416","https://openalex.org/W2895891960","https://openalex.org/W1997881597","https://openalex.org/W2740158290","https://openalex.org/W3167448713","https://openalex.org/W4238832093","https://openalex.org/W4213334555","https://openalex.org/W3080217888"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dynamic":[0],"pricing":[1,22,44,81,101],"plays":[2],"an":[3],"important":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,54,93,115,162],"solving":[7],"the":[8,34,59,79,94,99,124,137,142,156,160],"problems":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11],"traffic":[12],"load":[13],"reduction,":[14],"congestion":[15],"control,":[16],"and":[17,33,39,50,64,111,141,147,151,168],"revenue":[18,29],"improvement.":[19],"Efficient":[20],"dynamic":[21,43,80,100],"strategies":[23],"can":[24],"increase":[25],"capacity":[26],"utilization,":[27],"total":[28,169],"of":[30,36,61,126,164],"service":[31],"providers,":[32],"satisfaction":[35],"both":[37],"passengers":[38],"drivers.":[40],"Many":[41],"proposed":[42,76,157],"technologies":[45],"focus":[46],"on":[47],"short-term":[48],"optimization":[49],"face":[51],"poor":[52],"scalability":[53],"modeling":[55],"long-term":[56],"goals":[57],"for":[58,83,123],"limitations":[60],"solution":[62],"optimality":[63],"prohibitive":[65],"computation.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68],"article,":[69],"a":[70,106,130],"deep":[71],"reinforcement":[72,95],"learning":[73,96],"framework":[74],"is":[75,91,103,112,120,134],"to":[77],"tackle":[78],"problem":[82,102],"ride-hailing":[84],"platforms.":[85],"A":[86],"soft":[87],"actor-critic":[88],"(SAC)":[89],"algorithm":[90],"adopted":[92],"framework.":[97],"First,":[98],"translated":[104],"into":[105],"Markov":[107],"Decision":[108],"Process":[109],"(MDP)":[110],"set":[113],"up":[114],"continuous":[116],"action":[117,127],"spaces,":[118],"which":[119],"no":[121],"need":[122],"discretization":[125],"space.":[128],"Then,":[129],"new":[131],"reward":[132],"function":[133],"obtained":[135],"by":[136],"order":[138,165],"response":[139,166],"rate":[140,167],"KL-divergence":[143],"between":[144],"supply":[145],"distribution":[146],"demand":[148],"distribution.":[149],"Experiments":[150],"case":[152],"studies":[153],"demonstrate":[154],"that":[155],"method":[158],"outperforms":[159],"baselines":[161],"terms":[163],"revenue.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}