{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212334786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474376.3487285","title":"Practical Aspects on Non-profiled Deep-learning Side-channel Attacks against AES Software Implementation with Two Types of Masking Countermeasures including RSM","display_name":"Practical Aspects on Non-profiled Deep-learning Side-channel Attacks against AES Software Implementation with Two Types of Masking Countermeasures including RSM","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212334786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474376.3487285","mag":"3212334786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3474376.3487285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474376.3487285","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3474376.3487285","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Attacks and Solutions in Hardware Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3474376.3487285","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001309545","display_name":"Kunihiro Kuroda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7140-2283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135768898","display_name":"Ritsumeikan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0197nmd03","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135768898","https://openalex.org/I4390039241"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kunihiro Kuroda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ritsumeikan university, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ritsumeikan university, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034795876","display_name":"Yuta Fukuda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4180-9217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135768898","display_name":"Ritsumeikan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0197nmd03","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135768898","https://openalex.org/I4390039241"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuta Fukuda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ritsumeikan university, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ritsumeikan university, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063582139","display_name":"Kota Yoshida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1293-6415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135768898","display_name":"Ritsumeikan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0197nmd03","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135768898","https://openalex.org/I4390039241"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kota Yoshida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ritsumeikan university, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ritsumeikan university, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007179822","display_name":"Takeshi Fujino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9441-3137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135768898","display_name":"Ritsumeikan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0197nmd03","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135768898","https://openalex.org/I4390039241"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takeshi Fujino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ritsumeikan university, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ritsumeikan university, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001309545"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9598,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88801825,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"29","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7564940452575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masking","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","score":0.7247117757797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.6857949495315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5236137509346008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-analysis","display_name":"Power analysis","score":0.5008697509765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/countermeasure","display_name":"Countermeasure","score":0.49592146277427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.48493078351020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4623023569583893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4398704767227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.4396900236606598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.354092538356781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34422942996025085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.23649299144744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12939566373825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10817864537239075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10621088743209839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10007911920547485}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7564940452575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6783436","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","level":2,"score":0.7247117757797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.6857949495315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5236137509346008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71743495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845210","display_name":"Power analysis","level":3,"score":0.5008697509765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21593369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1032176","display_name":"Countermeasure","level":2,"score":0.49592146277427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.48493078351020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4623023569583893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4398704767227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.4396900236606598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.354092538356781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34422942996025085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.23649299144744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12939566373825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10817864537239075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10621088743209839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10007911920547485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3474376.3487285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474376.3487285","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3474376.3487285","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Attacks and Solutions in Hardware Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3474376.3487285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474376.3487285","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3474376.3487285","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Attacks and Solutions in Hardware Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2247015924","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJMI19B6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338243","funder_display_name":"JST-Mirai Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338243","display_name":"JST-Mirai Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3212334786.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3212334786.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494911169","https://openalex.org/W1512062395","https://openalex.org/W1560027954","https://openalex.org/W2556867355","https://openalex.org/W2777682200","https://openalex.org/W2923594358","https://openalex.org/W3127637494","https://openalex.org/W4251361495"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W5280335","https://openalex.org/W2121017442","https://openalex.org/W3010323642","https://openalex.org/W2164725015","https://openalex.org/W2782264121","https://openalex.org/W4323926098","https://openalex.org/W4309201921","https://openalex.org/W4384807855","https://openalex.org/W2022533428","https://openalex.org/W2354319712"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep-learning":[0],"side-channel":[1,110],"attacks":[2,46],"(DL-SCAs),":[3],"applying":[4,41],"deep":[5,42],"neural":[6],"networks":[7],"(DNNs)":[8],"to":[9,44,89,97,169],"SCAs,":[10],"are":[11],"known":[12],"that":[13,39,85,108,171],"can":[14],"easily":[15],"attack":[16,62],"some":[17],"existing":[18],"SCA":[19,74],"countermeasures":[20],"such":[21],"as":[22,112],"masking":[23,78,178],"and":[24,61,100,141,188],"random":[25],"jitter.":[26],"While":[27],"there":[28],"have":[29],"been":[30,132],"many":[31],"studies":[32],"on":[33,137],"profiled":[34],"DL-SCAs,":[35,136],"a":[36,77,91,102,192],"new":[37,193],"approach":[38],"involves":[40],"learning":[43],"non-profiled":[45,69,135,144],"was":[47],"proposed":[48],"in":[49,176,185],"2018.":[50],"In":[51],"our":[52],"study,":[53],"we":[54],"investigate":[55],"the":[56,72,113,123,138,156,177,189],"structure":[57],"of":[58,66,82,105,166,199],"DNN":[59],"models":[60],"points":[63],"(PoI:":[64],"Points":[65],"Interests)":[67],"for":[68],"DL-SCAs":[70,145,149,172],"using":[71,196],"ANSSI":[73],"database":[75],"with":[76,122],"countermeasure.":[79,179],"The":[80],"results":[81],"investigations":[83],"indicate":[84],"it":[86],"is":[87,181,191],"better":[88],"use":[90],"simple":[92],"network":[93],"model,":[94],"apply":[95],"regularization":[96],"prevent":[98],"over-fitting,":[99],"select":[101],"wide":[103],"range":[104],"power":[106,158,200],"traces":[107],"contain":[109],"information":[111],"PoI.":[114],"We":[115,162],"also":[116],"implemented":[117],"AES-128":[118],"software":[119],"implementation":[120],"protected":[121],"RSM":[124],"(Rotating":[125],"Sboxes":[126],"Masking)":[127],"countermeasure,":[128],"which":[129],"has":[130],"never":[131],"attacked":[133],"by":[134],"Xmega128":[139],"microcontroller":[140],"carried":[142],"out":[143],"against":[146],"it.":[147],"Non-profiled":[148],"successfully":[150],"recovered":[151],"all":[152],"partial":[153,197],"keys":[154],"while":[155],"conventional":[157],"analysis":[159,194],"could":[160],"not.":[161],"conducted":[163],"two":[164],"types":[165],"experimental":[167],"analyses":[168],"clarify":[170],"learn":[173],"mask-values":[174],"used":[175,184],"One":[180],"the-gradient":[182],"visualization":[183],"previous":[186],"studies,":[187],"other":[190],"method":[195],"removal":[198],"traces.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}