{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3204639595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474369.3486873","title":"Investigating Labelless Drift Adaptation for Malware Detection","display_name":"Investigating Labelless Drift Adaptation for Malware Detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3204639595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474369.3486873","mag":"3204639595"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3474369.3486873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474369.3486873","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th ACM Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10139216/1/Cavallaro_Investigating%20Labelless%20Drift%20Adaptation%20for%20Malware%20Detection.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049761986","display_name":"Zeliang Kan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4740-1134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zeliang Kan","raw_affiliation_strings":["King's College London &amp; University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King's College London &amp; University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090260871","display_name":"Feargus Pendlebury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1140-322X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","display_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04g2vpn86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I184558857"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feargus Pendlebury","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Computer Science Institute, University College London, &amp; Royal Holloway, University of London, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute, University College London, &amp; Royal Holloway, University of London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072597369","display_name":"Fabio Pierazzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1254-1758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Pierazzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["King's College London, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King's College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036908366","display_name":"Lorenzo Cavallaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3878-2680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Cavallaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049761986"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753","https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.777,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91265383,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"123","last_page":"134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.9276214241981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-drift","display_name":"Concept drift","score":0.8005814552307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.7927902936935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7028287053108215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.6029338240623474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41562920808792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3517799973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.24583783745765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08444127440452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-stream-mining","display_name":"Data stream mining","score":0.06909307837486267}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.9276214241981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60777511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045002","display_name":"Concept drift","level":3,"score":0.8005814552307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.7927902936935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7028287053108215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.6029338240623474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41562920808792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3517799973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.24583783745765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08444127440452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89198739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3079880","display_name":"Data stream mining","level":2,"score":0.06909307837486267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3474369.3486873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474369.3486873","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th ACM Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10139216","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10139216/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10139216/1/Cavallaro_Investigating%20Labelless%20Drift%20Adaptation%20for%20Malware%20Detection.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"     In:  AISec '21: Proceedings of the 14th ACM Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Security.  (pp. pp. 123-134).  ACM (2021)     ","raw_type":"Proceedings paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10139216","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10139216/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10139216/1/Cavallaro_Investigating%20Labelless%20Drift%20Adaptation%20for%20Malware%20Detection.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"     In:  AISec '21: Proceedings of the 14th ACM Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Security.  (pp. pp. 123-134).  ACM (2021)     ","raw_type":"Proceedings paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8111947878","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1811441","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3204639595.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3204639595.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W92894758","https://openalex.org/W258019806","https://openalex.org/W2000454347","https://openalex.org/W2060277733","https://openalex.org/W2087211161","https://openalex.org/W2122537498","https://openalex.org/W2122672392","https://openalex.org/W2145494108","https://openalex.org/W2162651021","https://openalex.org/W2167460663","https://openalex.org/W2407313496","https://openalex.org/W2534602447","https://openalex.org/W2560647685","https://openalex.org/W2574797807","https://openalex.org/W2743151379","https://openalex.org/W2963208797","https://openalex.org/W2963238274","https://openalex.org/W2964136807","https://openalex.org/W2969244304","https://openalex.org/W3007070494","https://openalex.org/W3015481738","https://openalex.org/W3022151098","https://openalex.org/W3097730806","https://openalex.org/W3118860896","https://openalex.org/W3185024416","https://openalex.org/W3208097639"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097492617","https://openalex.org/W2990081132","https://openalex.org/W4296984035","https://openalex.org/W2753240997","https://openalex.org/W3127121676","https://openalex.org/W3108206468","https://openalex.org/W1764168690","https://openalex.org/W2537959205","https://openalex.org/W3091433184","https://openalex.org/W4297683550"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"evolution":[1],"of":[2],"malware":[3,12],"has":[4],"long":[5],"plagued":[6],"machine":[7],"learning-based":[8],"detection":[9,19],"systems,":[10],"as":[11,27],"authors":[13],"develop":[14],"innovative":[15],"strategies":[16],"to":[17],"evade":[18],"and":[20,42],"chase":[21],"profits.":[22],"This":[23],"induces":[24],"concept":[25],"drift":[26],"the":[28,33],"test":[29],"distribution":[30],"diverges":[31],"from":[32],"training,":[34],"causing":[35],"performance":[36],"decay":[37],"that":[38],"requires":[39],"constant":[40],"monitoring":[41],"adaptation.":[43]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
