{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210173828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474369.3486865","title":"StackBERT","display_name":"StackBERT","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210173828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474369.3486865","mag":"3210173828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3474369.3486865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474369.3486865","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3474369.3486865","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th ACM Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3474369.3486865","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071073695","display_name":"Chinmay Deshpande","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3035-9869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chinmay Deshpande","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018913372","display_name":"David Gen\ufffds","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7096-7426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Gens","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103069673","display_name":"Michael Franz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5911-2275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Franz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071073695"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2358,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52084611,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"85","last_page":"95"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/call-stack","display_name":"Call stack","score":0.8410097360610962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8354533910751343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.6532040238380432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stack","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","score":0.5589381456375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5473407506942749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.533263087272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workaround","display_name":"Workaround","score":0.5214576125144958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4805110692977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rewriting","display_name":"Rewriting","score":0.47710946202278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compile-time","display_name":"Compile time","score":0.4569036066532135}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119024030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759899","display_name":"Call stack","level":3,"score":0.8410097360610962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8354533910751343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.6532040238380432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9395851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177929","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5589381456375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5473407506942749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.533263087272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194541083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q457174","display_name":"Workaround","level":2,"score":0.5214576125144958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4805110692977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154690210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1668499","display_name":"Rewriting","level":2,"score":0.47710946202278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200833197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333707","display_name":"Compile time","level":3,"score":0.4569036066532135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3474369.3486865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474369.3486865","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3474369.3486865","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th ACM Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt1vj1r72p","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1vj1r72p","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3474369.3486865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474369.3486865","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3474369.3486865","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th ACM Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1151211742","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N66001-20-C-4027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4504108201","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-17-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4751570384","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4-17-1-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6702378207","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-17-1-2782","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876996369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3210173828.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3210173828.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17195072","https://openalex.org/W1582456956","https://openalex.org/W1989773959","https://openalex.org/W2030906223","https://openalex.org/W2040183246","https://openalex.org/W2126160338","https://openalex.org/W2133692747","https://openalex.org/W2138517425","https://openalex.org/W2149216329","https://openalex.org/W2156858199","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2749008552","https://openalex.org/W2892187814","https://openalex.org/W2952744660","https://openalex.org/W2971324691","https://openalex.org/W2979878940","https://openalex.org/W3014096773","https://openalex.org/W3023141480","https://openalex.org/W3105926539","https://openalex.org/W3111931266","https://openalex.org/W3132342717","https://openalex.org/W3133700959","https://openalex.org/W3137108338","https://openalex.org/W6767602453"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2371266106","https://openalex.org/W2117382851","https://openalex.org/W3006505070","https://openalex.org/W2382449560","https://openalex.org/W2767298477","https://openalex.org/W2110432562","https://openalex.org/W2117864619","https://openalex.org/W2025344","https://openalex.org/W2090337950","https://openalex.org/W2104121286"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"call":[1],"stack":[2,25,65,80],"represents":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,27,55],"the":[6,51,56,64],"core":[7],"abstractions":[8],"that":[9],"compiler-generated":[10],"programs":[11],"leverage":[12],"to":[13,63,69,74,76],"organize":[14],"binary":[15,28,41],"execution":[16],"at":[17],"runtime.":[18],"For":[19],"many":[20],"use":[21],"cases":[22],"reasoning":[23],"about":[24,50],"accesses":[26],"functions":[29],"is":[30],"crucial:":[31],"security-sensitive":[32],"applications":[33],"may":[34],"require":[35],"patching":[36],"even":[37],"after":[38],"deployment,":[39],"and":[40,44],"instrumentation,":[42],"rewriting,":[43],"lifting":[45],"all":[46],"necessitate":[47],"detailed":[48],"knowledge":[49],"function":[52],"frame":[53],"layout":[54],"affected":[57],"program.":[58],"As":[59],"no":[60],"comprehensive":[61],"solution":[62],"symbolization":[66],"problem":[67],"exists":[68],"date,":[70],"existing":[71],"approaches":[72],"have":[73],"resort":[75],"workarounds":[77],"like":[78],"emulated":[79],"environments,":[81],"resulting":[82],"in":[83],"increased":[84],"runtime":[85],"overheads.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}