{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207345702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474085.3481542","title":"L2RS","display_name":"L2RS","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207345702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474085.3481542","mag":"3207345702"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3474085.3481542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474085.3481542","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077688051","display_name":"Yuanfeng Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2221-9807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuanfeng Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology &amp; WeBank Co., Ltd, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology &amp; WeBank Co., Ltd, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101540090","display_name":"Di Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2309-1809"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["WeBank Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WeBank Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082602991","display_name":"Xuefang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4036-9577"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuefang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["WeBank Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WeBank Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100685886","display_name":"Qian Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5344-4831"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["WeBank Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WeBank Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049858061","display_name":"Raymond Chi-Wing Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7045-6503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raymond Chi-Wing Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100373580","display_name":"Lixin Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8162-7096"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixin Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["WeBank Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WeBank Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100636286","display_name":"Qiang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5059-8360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology &amp; WeBank Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology &amp; WeBank Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077688051"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2719,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63969619,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1157","last_page":"1166"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8836350440979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perplexity","display_name":"Perplexity","score":0.8620400428771973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.7223464846611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.7170850038528442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5837292671203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.567021369934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.5263636708259583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.4929232597351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4630216956138611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4173280894756317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-improvement","display_name":"Performance improvement","score":0.41372373700141907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8836350440979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100279451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372193","display_name":"Perplexity","level":3,"score":0.8620400428771973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.7223464846611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.7170850038528442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5837292671203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.567021369934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5263636708259583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.4929232597351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4630216956138611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4173280894756317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778915421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3643177","display_name":"Performance improvement","level":2,"score":0.41372373700141907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3474085.3481542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474085.3481542","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-114886","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-114886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ust.hk:1783.1-114886","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-85119325957&origin=inward","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179875071","https://openalex.org/W656215335","https://openalex.org/W1594686802","https://openalex.org/W1609010894","https://openalex.org/W1612003148","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1708221419","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W1973435495","https://openalex.org/W1986767396","https://openalex.org/W1991473673","https://openalex.org/W2014506068","https://openalex.org/W2020073413","https://openalex.org/W2026149468","https://openalex.org/W2047457190","https://openalex.org/W2059001985","https://openalex.org/W2080213370","https://openalex.org/W2103235295","https://openalex.org/W2108862644","https://openalex.org/W2111331420","https://openalex.org/W2112527634","https://openalex.org/W2124105163","https://openalex.org/W2125398996","https://openalex.org/W2127836646","https://openalex.org/W2136189984","https://openalex.org/W2136729221","https://openalex.org/W2137028279","https://openalex.org/W2142537246","https://openalex.org/W2143331230","https://openalex.org/W2147660582","https://openalex.org/W2148569613","https://openalex.org/W2149427297","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2158025800","https://openalex.org/W2158148237","https://openalex.org/W2171928131","https://openalex.org/W2193413348","https://openalex.org/W2250357346","https://openalex.org/W2327501763","https://openalex.org/W2404429280","https://openalex.org/W2417560918","https://openalex.org/W2594610113","https://openalex.org/W2767440208","https://openalex.org/W2802201485","https://openalex.org/W2889152503","https://openalex.org/W2890817076","https://openalex.org/W2892181857","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2914220969","https://openalex.org/W2921879147","https://openalex.org/W2949350624","https://openalex.org/W2972440193","https://openalex.org/W2979286696","https://openalex.org/W2981488681","https://openalex.org/W2981857663","https://openalex.org/W3008525923","https://openalex.org/W3012459487","https://openalex.org/W3112742522","https://openalex.org/W3157285978","https://openalex.org/W6631362777"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169518243","https://openalex.org/W2252095989","https://openalex.org/W4322096525","https://openalex.org/W2551914602","https://openalex.org/W4281893144","https://openalex.org/W2105076537","https://openalex.org/W2787311093","https://openalex.org/W2084531783","https://openalex.org/W2020757772","https://openalex.org/W2902731467"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,71,85,108,137,149,181],"advance":[4],"the":[5,26,34,54,96,128,140,162,183],"performance":[6,39],"of":[7,53,90,124,143,212,216,243],"industrial":[8],"ASR":[9,110],"systems":[10,111],"by":[11,75,169,208,247],"exploring":[12],"a":[13,20,65,87,101,121,150,189,209],"more":[14],"effective":[15,104],"method":[16],"for":[17,226],"N-best":[18,55,92,145],"rescoring,":[19],"critical":[21],"step":[22],"that":[23,193],"greatly":[24],"affects":[25],"final":[27],"recognition":[28],"accuracy.":[29],"Existing":[30],"rescoring":[31,184,199],"approaches":[32],"suffer":[33],"following":[35],"issues:":[36],"(i)":[37],"limited":[38],"since":[40],"they":[41],"optimize":[42],"an":[43,170],"unnecessarily":[44],"harder":[45],"problem,":[46],"namely":[47],"predicting":[48,60],"accurate":[49],"grammatical":[50],"legitimacy":[51],"scores":[52,167],"hypotheses":[56],"rather":[57],"than":[58],"directly":[59,138],"their":[61,135],"partial":[62],"orders":[63],"regarding":[64],"specific":[66,151],"acoustic":[67,152],"input;":[68],"(ii)":[69],"hard":[70],"incorporate":[72,155],"various":[73,156],"information":[74,114,126],"advanced":[76],"natural":[77],"language":[78,172],"processing":[79],"(NLP)":[80],"models":[81,131],"such":[82],"as":[83],"BERT":[84,159],"achieve":[86],"comprehensive":[88],"evaluation":[89],"each":[91,144],"candidate.":[93],"To":[94],"relieve":[95],"above":[97],"drawbacks,":[98],"we":[99],"propose":[100],"simple":[102],"yet":[103],"mechanism,":[105],"Learning-to-Rescore":[106],"(L2RS),":[107],"empower":[109],"with":[112,147],"state-of-the-art":[113,129],"retrieval":[115],"(IR)":[116],"techniques.":[117],"Specifically,":[118],"L2RS":[119,194,220,244],"utilizes":[120],"wide":[122],"range":[123],"textual":[125],"from":[127],"NLP":[130],"and":[132,165,179,241],"automatically":[133],"deciding":[134],"weights":[136],"learn":[139],"ranking":[141],"order":[142],"hypothesis":[146],"respect":[148],"input.":[153],"We":[154],"features":[157],"including":[158],"sentence":[160],"embeddings,":[161],"topic":[163,175],"vectors,":[164],"perplexity":[166],"produced":[168],"n-gram":[171],"model":[173],"(LM),":[174],"modeling":[176],"LM,":[177],"BERT,":[178],"RNNLM":[180],"train":[182],"model.":[185],"Experimental":[186],"results":[187],"on":[188],"public":[190],"dataset":[191],"show":[192],"outperforms":[195],"not":[196],"only":[197],"traditional":[198],"methods":[200],"but":[201],"also":[202],"its":[203],"deep":[204],"neural":[205],"network":[206],"counterparts":[207],"substantial":[210],"margin":[211],"20.85%":[213],"in":[214,231],"terms":[215],"[email":[217],"protected]":[218],"The":[219,239],"toolkit":[221],"has":[222],"been":[223],"successfully":[224],"deployed":[225],"many":[227],"online":[228,249],"commercial":[229],"services":[230],"WeBank":[232],"Co.,":[233],"Ltd,":[234],"China's":[235],"leading":[236],"digital":[237],"bank.":[238],"efficacy":[240],"applicability":[242],"are":[245],"validated":[246],"real-life":[248],"customer":[250],"datasets.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-10-25T00:00:00"}
