{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3206651063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474085.3475238","title":"PIMNet: A Parallel, Iterative and Mimicking Network for Scene Text Recognition","display_name":"PIMNet: A Parallel, Iterative and Mimicking Network for Scene Text Recognition","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3206651063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474085.3475238","mag":"3206651063"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3474085.3475238","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474085.3475238","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026666926","display_name":"Zhi Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-5907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences & School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences & School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016175345","display_name":"Yu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4188-9953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences & School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences & School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100674793","display_name":"Wei Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2016-0901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75689368","display_name":"Communication University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04facbs33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75689368"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication University of China, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75689368"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392327","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0550-497X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences & School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences & School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100368686","display_name":"Yuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1335-2780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75689368","display_name":"Communication University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04facbs33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75689368"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication University of China, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75689368"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101759345","display_name":"Ning Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0794-7996"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mashang Consumer Finance Co., Ltd., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mashang Consumer Finance Co., Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100332096","display_name":"Hongbin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2176-2998"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mashang Consumer Finance Co., Ltd., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mashang Consumer Finance Co., Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100442321","display_name":"Weiping Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8618-4992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiping Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences & School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences & School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026666926"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2438,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":79,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96689662,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2046","last_page":"2055"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoregressive-model","display_name":"Autoregressive model","score":0.9107121229171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8344881534576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.7006841897964478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.6664615869522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5705325603485107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5117053985595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.44962817430496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-refinement","display_name":"Iterative refinement","score":0.4369380474090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3940422236919403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37673062086105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.374680757522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3300933837890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06895682215690613}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159877910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2202883","display_name":"Autoregressive model","level":2,"score":0.9107121229171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8344881534576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.7006841897964478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.6664615869522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5705325603485107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5117053985595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.44962817430496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779982483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094420","display_name":"Iterative refinement","level":2,"score":0.4369380474090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3940422236919403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37673062086105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.374680757522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3300933837890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06895682215690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3474085.3475238","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3474085.3475238","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W830076066","https://openalex.org/W1521064364","https://openalex.org/W1569614731","https://openalex.org/W1607307044","https://openalex.org/W1660460062","https://openalex.org/W1922126009","https://openalex.org/W1971822075","https://openalex.org/W1978729128","https://openalex.org/W1981283549","https://openalex.org/W1998042868","https://openalex.org/W2008806374","https://openalex.org/W2049951199","https://openalex.org/W2061802763","https://openalex.org/W2144554289","https://openalex.org/W2146835493","https://openalex.org/W2194187530","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2272681403","https://openalex.org/W2519818067","https://openalex.org/W2532759528","https://openalex.org/W2605982830","https://openalex.org/W2626778328","https://openalex.org/W2740767790","https://openalex.org/W2750938222","https://openalex.org/W2752225195","https://openalex.org/W2896034938","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2951285986","https://openalex.org/W2952302849","https://openalex.org/W2952439627","https://openalex.org/W2953070460","https://openalex.org/W2955058313","https://openalex.org/W2962790387","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963233387","https://openalex.org/W2963517393","https://openalex.org/W2963526661","https://openalex.org/W2963536265","https://openalex.org/W2963712589","https://openalex.org/W2964089333","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2965066169","https://openalex.org/W2966666886","https://openalex.org/W2969549355","https://openalex.org/W2970421518","https://openalex.org/W2970611518","https://openalex.org/W2979371747","https://openalex.org/W2988098900","https://openalex.org/W2988975212","https://openalex.org/W2997749585","https://openalex.org/W2997907976","https://openalex.org/W2998382406","https://openalex.org/W3003861315","https://openalex.org/W3005397030","https://openalex.org/W3005436539","https://openalex.org/W3007746272","https://openalex.org/W3011015840","https://openalex.org/W3013224334","https://openalex.org/W3014074635","https://openalex.org/W3023000735","https://openalex.org/W3034381931","https://openalex.org/W3034447740","https://openalex.org/W3034457371","https://openalex.org/W3034611830","https://openalex.org/W3035449864","https://openalex.org/W3035463379","https://openalex.org/W3035682737","https://openalex.org/W3042760913","https://openalex.org/W3045085138","https://openalex.org/W3047573812","https://openalex.org/W3090232332","https://openalex.org/W3092863018","https://openalex.org/W3092894544","https://openalex.org/W3096966883","https://openalex.org/W3097874139","https://openalex.org/W3103667010","https://openalex.org/W3105966348","https://openalex.org/W3107840264","https://openalex.org/W3109576564","https://openalex.org/W3110267192","https://openalex.org/W3128525016","https://openalex.org/W3160053372","https://openalex.org/W3161907096","https://openalex.org/W3162793060","https://openalex.org/W3169714379","https://openalex.org/W3173990630","https://openalex.org/W3178292378","https://openalex.org/W3178307467","https://openalex.org/W3180472782","https://openalex.org/W3181595505","https://openalex.org/W4300123236","https://openalex.org/W4301163932"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2171218219","https://openalex.org/W1972271943","https://openalex.org/W2150410159","https://openalex.org/W4327525404","https://openalex.org/W4287185323","https://openalex.org/W3150905897","https://openalex.org/W1520183331","https://openalex.org/W3128296386","https://openalex.org/W3206651063","https://openalex.org/W3198095025"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nowadays,":[0],"scene":[1],"text":[2,27,101],"recognition":[3],"has":[4],"attracted":[5],"more":[6,8,112],"and":[7,82,89,103,146,200],"attention":[9,23,96],"due":[10],"to":[11,31,49,86,98,108],"its":[12],"various":[13],"applications.":[14],"Most":[15],"state-of-the-art":[16],"methods":[17],"adopt":[18],"an":[19,104,140],"encoder-decoder":[20],"framework":[21],"with":[22,59,154],"mechanism,":[24],"which":[25],"generates":[26],"autoregressively":[28],"from":[29],"left":[30],"right.":[32],"Despite":[33],"the":[34,37,43,55,66,70,100,110,117,127,132,136,147,151,158,162,166,169,180,183,198,209],"convincing":[35],"performance,":[36],"speed":[38],"is":[39,120,144,186,206],"limited":[40],"because":[41],"of":[42,126,157,182,202],"one-by-one":[44],"decoding":[45],"strategy.":[46],"As":[47],"opposed":[48],"autoregressive":[50,71,142,152,184],"models,":[51],"non-autoregressive":[52],"models":[53],"predict":[54,99],"results":[56],"in":[57,135,208],"parallel":[58,95,148],"a":[60,79,94,189],"much":[61],"shorter":[62],"inference":[63],"time,":[64],"but":[65],"accuracy":[67,88],"falls":[68],"behind":[69],"counterpart":[72],"considerably.":[73],"In":[74,114],"this":[75],"paper,":[76],"we":[77,130],"propose":[78],"Parallel,":[80],"Iterative":[81],"Mimicking":[83],"Network":[84],"(PIMNet)":[85],"balance":[87],"efficiency.":[90],"Specifically,":[91],"PIMNet":[92,171],"adopts":[93],"mechanism":[97,107],"faster":[102,190],"iterative":[105],"generation":[106],"make":[109],"predictions":[111],"accurate.":[113],"each":[115],"iteration,":[116],"context":[118],"information":[119],"fully":[121],"explored.":[122],"To":[123],"improve":[124],"learning":[125,134],"hidden":[128,159],"layer,":[129],"exploit":[131],"mimicking":[133],"training":[137],"phase,":[138],"where":[139],"additional":[141],"decoder":[143,149,153,185],"adopted":[145],"mimics":[150],"fitting":[155],"outputs":[156],"layer.":[160],"With":[161],"shared":[163],"backbone":[164],"between":[165],"two":[167],"decoders,":[168],"proposed":[170],"can":[172],"be":[173],"trained":[174],"end-to-end":[175],"without":[176],"pre-training.":[177],"During":[178],"inference,":[179],"branch":[181],"removed":[187],"for":[188],"speed.":[191],"Extensive":[192],"experiments":[193],"on":[194],"public":[195],"benchmarks":[196],"demonstrate":[197],"effectiveness":[199],"efficiency":[201],"PIMNet.":[203],"Our":[204],"code":[205],"available":[207],"supplementary":[210],"material.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-12T07:58:50.170612","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}