{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3198749099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472749.3474768","title":"NavStick: Making Video Games Blind-Accessible via the Ability to Look Around","display_name":"NavStick: Making Video Games Blind-Accessible via the Ability to Look Around","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3198749099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472749.3474768","mag":"3198749099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3472749.3474768","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472749.3474768","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 34th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.01202","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001694646","display_name":"Vishnu Nair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2071-9595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vishnu Nair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Columbia University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Columbia University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030470537","display_name":"Jay L. Karp","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay L Karp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Columbia University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Columbia University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085388785","display_name":"Samuel Silverman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Silverman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Columbia University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Columbia University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062194614","display_name":"Mohar Kalra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohar Kalra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Columbia University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Columbia University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030549562","display_name":"Hollis Lehv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hollis Lehv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Columbia University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Columbia University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019781425","display_name":"Faizan Jamil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157455823","display_name":"SUNY New Paltz","ror":"https://ror.org/03j3dv688","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faizan Jamil","raw_affiliation_strings":["State University of New York at New Paltz, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of New York at New Paltz, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063454149","display_name":"Brian A. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2540-0839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian A. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.1038,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98623161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"538","last_page":"551"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adventure","display_name":"Adventure","score":0.8207125663757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6665483117103577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-game-design","display_name":"Video game design","score":0.6205308437347412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6152291893959045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-game","display_name":"Video game","score":0.5979896783828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-design","display_name":"Game design","score":0.5308773517608643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5268857479095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sight","display_name":"Sight","score":0.5055632591247559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.49261218309402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-developer","display_name":"Game Developer","score":0.4149796664714813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19895407557487488}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42133412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319221","display_name":"Adventure","level":2,"score":0.8207125663757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6665483117103577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47187476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12336660","display_name":"Video game design","level":3,"score":0.6205308437347412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6152291893959045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018412434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7889","display_name":"Video game","level":2,"score":0.5979896783828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503285160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858057","display_name":"Game design","level":2,"score":0.5308773517608643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5268857479095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1517167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134322","display_name":"Sight","level":2,"score":0.5055632591247559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.49261218309402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41826821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844005","display_name":"Game Developer","level":3,"score":0.4149796664714813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19895407557487488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3472749.3474768","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472749.3474768","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 34th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2109.01202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2109.01202","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.01202","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2109.01202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2109.01202","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.01202","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485559310","https://openalex.org/W1508337988","https://openalex.org/W1514025267","https://openalex.org/W1972474500","https://openalex.org/W1985533383","https://openalex.org/W1995981988","https://openalex.org/W2041603268","https://openalex.org/W2063077274","https://openalex.org/W2077693798","https://openalex.org/W2112525093","https://openalex.org/W2122723787","https://openalex.org/W2141477489","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2214650344","https://openalex.org/W2337539845","https://openalex.org/W2501544369","https://openalex.org/W2508778727","https://openalex.org/W2731951411","https://openalex.org/W2765252989","https://openalex.org/W2795989848","https://openalex.org/W2798902364","https://openalex.org/W2941968083","https://openalex.org/W2942932654","https://openalex.org/W3009412035","https://openalex.org/W3030748349","https://openalex.org/W3097038680","https://openalex.org/W3114308765","https://openalex.org/W3179150691","https://openalex.org/W4229800322","https://openalex.org/W4245235173","https://openalex.org/W4312693843"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4207081595","https://openalex.org/W2130088927","https://openalex.org/W4311459595","https://openalex.org/W4294947912","https://openalex.org/W2885801668","https://openalex.org/W1583852935","https://openalex.org/W2885055606","https://openalex.org/W2488706709","https://openalex.org/W3095685693","https://openalex.org/W4295008850"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Video":[0],"games":[1,12,65],"remain":[2],"largely":[3],"inaccessible":[4],"to":[5,31,74,77,106],"visually":[6],"impaired":[7],"people":[8],"(VIPs).":[9],"Today\u2019s":[10],"blind-accessible":[11,144],"are":[13],"highly":[14],"simplified":[15],"renditions":[16],"of":[17,60,112,132],"what":[18,79],"sighted":[19],"players":[20],"enjoy,":[21],"and":[22,34,100,146],"they":[23],"do":[24],"not":[25],"give":[26],"VIPs":[27,76,103],"the":[28,58,130],"same":[29],"freedom":[30],"look":[32],"around":[33,53,81],"explore":[35],"game":[36,71],"worlds":[37],"on":[38],"their":[39,113],"own":[40],"terms.":[41],"In":[42,85,121],"this":[43],"work,":[44],"we":[45,89,126,147],"introduce":[46],"NavStick,":[47],"an":[48,122],"audio-based":[49],"tool":[50],"for":[51,96,143],"looking":[52],"within":[54],"virtual":[55],"environments,":[56],"with":[57,92,115,118],"aim":[59],"making":[61],"3D":[62,135],"adventure":[63,136],"video":[64],"more":[66,108],"blind-accessible.":[67],"NavStick":[68,91,116,128],"repurposes":[69],"a":[70,86,133],"controller\u2019s":[72],"thumbstick":[73],"allow":[75],"survey":[78],"is":[80],"them":[82],"via":[83],"line-of-sight.":[84],"user":[87],"study,":[88,125],"compare":[90],"traditional":[93],"menu-based":[94,119],"surveying":[95],"different":[97],"navigation":[98],"tasks":[99],"find":[101],"that":[102],"were":[104],"able":[105],"form":[107],"accurate":[109],"mental":[110],"maps":[111],"environment":[114],"than":[117],"surveying.":[120],"additional":[123],"exploratory":[124],"investigate":[127],"in":[129],"context":[131],"representative":[134],"game.":[137],"Our":[138],"findings":[139],"reveal":[140],"several":[141],"implications":[142],"games,":[145],"close":[148],"by":[149],"discussing":[150],"these.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}