{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3194033484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472735.3473386","title":"Internet Traffic Classification Using an Ensemble of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"Internet Traffic Classification Using an Ensemble of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3194033484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472735.3473386","mag":"3194033484"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3472735.3473386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472735.3473386","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th FlexNets Workshop on Flexible Networks Artificial Intelligence Supported Network Flexibility and Agility","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074194994","display_name":"Amin Shahraki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5065-9968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19923696","display_name":"\u00d8stfold University College","ror":"https://ror.org/04gf7fp41","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19923696"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin Shahraki","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u00d8stfold University College, Halden, Viken, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00d8stfold University College, Halden, Viken, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19923696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055009495","display_name":"Mahmoud Abbasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1886-8284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183859904","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Mashhad","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvysh61","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I183859904"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Abbasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183859904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081026876","display_name":"Amir Taherkordi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1672-054X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Taherkordi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067895231","display_name":"Mohammed Kaosar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1101-3264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176790772","display_name":"Murdoch University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r4sry34","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176790772"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Kaosar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Murdoch University, Perth, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Murdoch University, Perth, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176790772"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"38","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-classification","display_name":"Traffic classification","score":0.8640389442443848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7775440216064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-generation-model","display_name":"Traffic generation model","score":0.6181829571723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6040116548538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5666385293006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5090934634208679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5043171644210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.49918437004089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-traffic-simulation","display_name":"Network traffic simulation","score":0.467384934425354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4554344117641449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4429539144039154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.41715994477272034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-traffic-control","display_name":"Network traffic control","score":0.2812214493751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.24821054935455322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.07118728756904602}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169988225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832484","display_name":"Traffic classification","level":3,"score":0.8640389442443848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7775440216064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176715033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2080768","display_name":"Traffic generation model","level":2,"score":0.6181829571723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6040116548538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5666385293006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5090934634208679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5043171644210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.49918437004089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94168897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574324","display_name":"Network traffic simulation","level":4,"score":0.467384934425354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4554344117641449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4429539144039154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.41715994477272034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201100257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393287","display_name":"Network traffic control","level":3,"score":0.2812214493751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.24821054935455322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.07118728756904602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3472735.3473386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472735.3473386","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th FlexNets Workshop on Flexible Networks Artificial Intelligence Supported Network Flexibility and Agility","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au:62032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/62032/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400274","display_name":"Murdoch Research Repository (Murdoch University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I176790772","host_organization_name":"Murdoch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176790772"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"  Shahraki, A., Abbasi, M., Taherkordi, A. and Kaosar, M. &lt;https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/view/author/Kaosar, Mohammed.html&gt;   (2021)  Internet traffic classification using an ensemble of deep convolutional neural networks.     In: 4th FlexNets Workshop on Flexible Networks Artificial Intelligence Supported Network Flexibility and Agility (Part of SIGCOMM '21), 23 August 2021, Virtual  pp. 38-43.  ","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012095206","https://openalex.org/W2499468060","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2750674396","https://openalex.org/W2900853407","https://openalex.org/W2912386632","https://openalex.org/W2963516518","https://openalex.org/W3005630930","https://openalex.org/W3015392399","https://openalex.org/W3028069824","https://openalex.org/W3039673966","https://openalex.org/W3127161477","https://openalex.org/W3153113614","https://openalex.org/W4388183491"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2374980776","https://openalex.org/W4301398392","https://openalex.org/W2393595964","https://openalex.org/W4379534844","https://openalex.org/W2924962435","https://openalex.org/W2997818875","https://openalex.org/W266939152","https://openalex.org/W2745966507","https://openalex.org/W2768498136","https://openalex.org/W3174245262"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0,134],"traffic":[1,14,22,52,60,117,176,185],"classification":[2,15,174],"(NTC)":[3],"has":[4],"attracted":[5],"considerable":[6],"attention":[7],"in":[8,23,31,118,181],"recent":[9],"years.":[10],"The":[11,39,142,155],"importance":[12],"of":[13,43,51,92,131,140,144,157,170,175],"stems":[16],"from":[17],"the":[18,49,58,90,93,98,115,125,145,152,162,173,182],"fact":[19],"that":[20,161],"data":[21],"modern":[24],"networks":[25],"is":[26,74,81],"extremely":[27],"complex":[28],"and":[29,37,64,71,95,121],"ever-evolving":[30],"different":[32],"aspects,":[33],"e.g.":[34],"volume,":[35],"velocity":[36],"variety.":[38],"inherent":[40],"security":[41],"requirements":[42],"Internet-based":[44],"applications":[45],"also":[46],"highlights":[47],"further":[48],"role":[50],"classification.":[53],"Gaining":[54],"clear":[55],"insights":[56,88],"into":[57,89,137],"network":[59,65,68,72,99,116],"for":[61,172],"performance":[62,158],"evaluation":[63,159],"planning":[66],"purposes,":[67],"behavior":[69,91],"analysis,":[70],"management":[73],"not":[75],"a":[76,82,106,129],"trivial":[77],"task.":[78],"Fortunately,":[79],"NTC":[80],"promising":[83],"technique":[84],"to":[85,113,150],"gain":[86],"valuable":[87],"network,":[94],"consequently":[96],"improve":[97],"operations.":[100],"In":[101],"this":[102],"paper,":[103],"we":[104],"provide":[105],"method":[107,127,164],"based":[108],"on":[109],"deep":[110],"ensemble":[111,139],"learning":[112],"classify":[114],"communication":[119],"systems":[120],"networks.":[122],"More":[123],"specifically,":[124],"proposed":[126,163],"combines":[128],"set":[130],"Convolutional":[132],"Neural":[133],"(CNN)":[135],"models":[136,146],"an":[138,166],"classifiers.":[141],"outputs":[143],"are":[147],"then":[148],"combined":[149],"generate":[151],"final":[153],"prediction.":[154],"results":[156],"show":[160],"provides":[165],"average":[167],"accuracy":[168],"rate":[169],"98%":[171],"(e.g.,":[177],"FTP-DATA,":[178],"MAIL,":[179],"etc.)":[180],"Cambridge":[183],"Internet":[184],"dataset.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
