{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212755570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472307.3484163","title":"Design Implications for a Virtual Language Learning Companion Robot: Considering the Appearance, Interaction and Rewarding Behavior","display_name":"Design Implications for a Virtual Language Learning Companion Robot: Considering the Appearance, Interaction and Rewarding Behavior","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212755570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472307.3484163","mag":"3212755570"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3472307.3484163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472307.3484163","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083192194","display_name":"Eshtiak Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5280-2118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eshtiak Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tampere University, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068466809","display_name":"Aino Ahtinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6886-3756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aino Ahtinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Sciences, Tampere University, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Sciences, Tampere University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083192194"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2176,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61201486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"56","last_page":"65"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.689961850643158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6748294234275818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5966330766677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38186925649642944}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.689961850643158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6748294234275818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5966330766677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38186925649642944}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3472307.3484163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472307.3484163","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/220225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/220225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055260","display_name":"Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57719819","https://openalex.org/W83463411","https://openalex.org/W1825057110","https://openalex.org/W1967481248","https://openalex.org/W1977161431","https://openalex.org/W1983641137","https://openalex.org/W2003174996","https://openalex.org/W2044099257","https://openalex.org/W2085497036","https://openalex.org/W2090393964","https://openalex.org/W2093635459","https://openalex.org/W2096459062","https://openalex.org/W2105025378","https://openalex.org/W2106058739","https://openalex.org/W2109305774","https://openalex.org/W2115574071","https://openalex.org/W2128719009","https://openalex.org/W2131441794","https://openalex.org/W2147776272","https://openalex.org/W2471305477","https://openalex.org/W2490158227","https://openalex.org/W2504373386","https://openalex.org/W2512088624","https://openalex.org/W2534060600","https://openalex.org/W2537554849","https://openalex.org/W2563668988","https://openalex.org/W2572912519","https://openalex.org/W2594769556","https://openalex.org/W2614768461","https://openalex.org/W2748604175","https://openalex.org/W2749390315","https://openalex.org/W2750120083","https://openalex.org/W2773817193","https://openalex.org/W2792194165","https://openalex.org/W2806906271","https://openalex.org/W2809692674","https://openalex.org/W2887260263","https://openalex.org/W2893031113","https://openalex.org/W2899206251","https://openalex.org/W2905166386","https://openalex.org/W2909188357","https://openalex.org/W2929924974","https://openalex.org/W2937818008","https://openalex.org/W2938334487","https://openalex.org/W2965216420","https://openalex.org/W2982243674","https://openalex.org/W3009630129","https://openalex.org/W3011832253","https://openalex.org/W3015650869","https://openalex.org/W3046148777","https://openalex.org/W3085466014","https://openalex.org/W3135173335","https://openalex.org/W3185020623","https://openalex.org/W4210974288","https://openalex.org/W4233076037","https://openalex.org/W4235658929"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W4402327032","https://openalex.org/W2382290278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Second":[0],"language":[1,16,37,51,118,160,203,221,254,303],"learning":[2,17,38,66,119,222,255,304,311],"has":[3],"become":[4],"very":[5],"important":[6],"because":[7],"of":[8,64,112,128,158,179,199,212,265,293,308],"globalization":[9],"and":[10,25,33,55,110,133,140,165,196,225,275],"as":[11,84,93,95,116,300,306],"a":[12,41,68,88,113,117,138,145,152,166,243,248,294,301],"result,":[13],"many":[14],"online":[15,65,220,310],"platforms":[18],"have":[19,87],"gained":[20],"popularity.":[21],"Despite":[22],"their":[23,232,266],"popularity":[24],"convenience,":[26],"they":[27,85],"still":[28],"lack":[29],"the":[30,59,62,103,176,180,189,200,210,229,235,252,280,290],"human":[31],"factor":[32],"meaningful":[34,54],"interaction.":[35],"Robot-assisted":[36],"(RALL)":[39],"is":[40,137],"concept":[42],"where":[43],"social":[44,82],"robots":[45,78,83],"are":[46,79,122],"employed":[47],"to":[48,58,81,101,218,288],"assist":[49,219],"in":[50,263],"learning,":[52],"adding":[53],"human-like":[56,96,249],"interactions":[57],"process.":[60,182],"In":[61],"case":[63],"platforms,":[67],"similar":[69,80],"approach":[70,149],"can":[71,86,298],"be":[72],"taken":[73],"using":[74],"virtual":[75,114,202,216,253,295,302],"robots.":[76],"Virtual":[77],"visual":[89],"appearance,":[90,131,190],"communication":[91],"capabilities":[92],"well":[94],"features.":[97],"This":[98,136,173],"research":[99],"aims":[100],"understand":[102],"potential":[104,201,240],"users\u2019,":[105],"i.e.,":[106],"university":[107,314],"students\u2019":[108],"perceptions,":[109],"expectations":[111,233],"robot":[115,217,296],"companion.":[120],"We":[121],"focusing":[123],"on":[124],"three":[125],"major":[126],"aspects":[127],"its":[129],"design:":[130],"interaction":[132],"rewarding":[134,197],"behavior.":[135],"qualitative":[139],"explorative":[141],"study,":[142],"which":[143],"employs":[144],"human-centered":[146],"design":[147,171,237,284,292],"(HCD)":[148],"by":[150,227,279],"conducting":[151],"co-design":[153],"workshop":[154],"with":[155,169],"five":[156],"groups":[157],"university-level":[159],"students":[161],"(n":[162],"=":[163],"25)":[164],"theme":[167],"interview":[168],"seven":[170,283],"students.":[172,315],"article":[174],"presents":[175],"first":[177],"phase":[178],"HCD":[181],"The":[183,206,239],"participants":[184,230],"were":[185,261,277,286],"asked":[186],"questions":[187],"about":[188,234],"behavior,":[191],"movements,":[192],"motivational":[193],"factors,":[194],"sound":[195],"features":[198],"companion":[204,305],"robot.":[205],"findings":[207],"show":[208],"that":[209,297],"idea":[211],"having":[213],"an":[214,309],"interactive":[215],"was":[223],"accepted":[224],"appreciated":[226,278],"all":[228],"but":[231],"robot\u2019s":[236],"varied.":[238],"users":[241],"preferred":[242],"robot-like":[244,259],"appearance":[245],"rather":[246],"than":[247],"one":[250],"for":[251,313],"companion,":[256],"however,":[257],"different":[258],"appearances":[260],"mentioned":[262],"terms":[264],"body":[267],"parts,":[268],"hands,":[269],"head,":[270],"shapes":[271],"etc.":[272],"Human-like":[273],"gestures":[274],"movements":[276],"participants.":[281],"Finally,":[282],"implications":[285],"formulated":[287],"support":[289],"further":[291],"act":[299],"part":[307],"platform":[312]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-06T13:50:29.536080","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}