{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3176810202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472305.3472319","title":"L, Q, R, and T","display_name":"L, Q, R, and T","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3176810202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472305.3472319","mag":"3176810202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3472305.3472319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472305.3472319","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Applied Networking Research Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.13710","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ike Kunze","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ike Kunze","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Klaus Wehrle","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Wehrle","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jan R\u00fcth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan R\u00fcth","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1603,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51358857,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"22","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/header","display_name":"Header","score":0.7441999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-loss","display_name":"Packet loss","score":0.5997999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.535099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4864000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.424699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.4239000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-loss","display_name":"Data loss","score":0.4226999878883362}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48105269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141160","display_name":"Header","level":2,"score":0.7441999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7287999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54108766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391064","display_name":"Packet loss","level":3,"score":0.5997999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.58160001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.535099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4864000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4325000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.424699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4239000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193519340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q891179","display_name":"Data loss","level":2,"score":0.4226999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.39629998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60448319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154021","display_name":"Block cipher mode of operation","level":2,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153876917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899704","display_name":"Traceability","level":2,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35341882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8795","display_name":"Internet Protocol","level":3,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113508815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193446","display_name":"Packet switching","level":3,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988416141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6031139","display_name":"Information loss","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3472305.3472319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472305.3472319","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Applied Networking Research Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2106.13710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.13710","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.13710","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2106.13710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.13710","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.13710","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584513263","https://openalex.org/W1996107093","https://openalex.org/W2012272210","https://openalex.org/W2022062661","https://openalex.org/W2063142364","https://openalex.org/W2084897668","https://openalex.org/W2136451165","https://openalex.org/W2136588319","https://openalex.org/W2153623795","https://openalex.org/W2259286596","https://openalex.org/W2561417650","https://openalex.org/W2766686563","https://openalex.org/W2782928138","https://openalex.org/W2903488201","https://openalex.org/W2961312204","https://openalex.org/W2986898276","https://openalex.org/W3046644368"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"operators":[1],"utilize":[2],"traffic":[3],"monitoring":[4,46],"to":[5,54,70,84],"locate":[6],"and":[7,88,99,109,128],"fix":[8],"faults":[9],"or":[10,140],"performance":[11],"bottlenecks.":[12],"This":[13,96],"often":[14],"relies":[15],"on":[16,142],"intrinsic":[17],"protocol":[18],"semantics,":[19],"e.g.,":[20],"sequence":[21],"numbers,":[22],"that":[23,113,122],"many":[24],"protocols":[25],"share":[26],"implicitly":[27],"through":[28],"their":[29],"packet":[30,94],"headers.":[31],"The":[32],"arrival":[33],"of":[34,93,147],"(almost)":[35],"fully":[36],"encrypted":[37],"transport":[38],"protocols,":[39],"such":[40],"as":[41,47,151,153],"QUIC,":[42],"significantly":[43],"complicates":[44],"this":[45,58],"header":[48],"data":[49],"is":[50],"no":[51],"longer":[52,123],"visible":[53],"passive":[55,91],"observers.":[56],"Recognizing":[57],"challenge,":[59],"QUIC":[60],"offers":[61],"explicit":[62],"measurement":[63,104],"semantics":[64],"by":[65],"exposing":[66],"the":[67,78,90,159,165],"spin":[68],"bit":[69],"measure":[71],"a":[72],"flow's":[73],"RTT.":[74],"Ongoing":[75],"efforts":[76],"in":[77,167],"IETF":[79],"IPPM":[80],"working":[81],"group":[82],"argue":[83],"expose":[85],"further":[86],"information":[87],"enable":[89],"quantification":[92],"loss.":[95],"work":[97],"implements":[98],"evaluates":[100],"four":[101],"currently":[102],"proposed":[103],"techniques":[105,115],"(L-,":[106],"Q-,":[107],"R-,":[108],"T-bit).":[110],"We":[111],"find":[112],"all":[114],"generally":[116],"provide":[117],"accurate":[118],"loss":[119,138,141,166],"estimations,":[120],"but":[121],"algorithmic":[124],"intervals":[125],"for":[126,132,162],"Q":[127,148,154],"R,":[129],"yet":[130],"foremost":[131],"T,":[133],"complicate":[134],"detecting":[135],"very":[136],"small":[137],"rates":[139],"short":[143],"connections.":[144],"Deployment":[145],"combinations":[146],"&":[149,155],"R":[150],"well":[152],"L,":[156],"thus,":[157],"have":[158],"best":[160],"potential":[161],"accurately":[163],"grasping":[164],"networks.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2021-07-05T00:00:00"}
