{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3185630782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472305.3472315","title":"Hunting BGP zombies in the wild","display_name":"Hunting BGP zombies in the wild","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3185630782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472305.3472315","mag":"3185630782"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3472305.3472315","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472305.3472315","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Applied Networking Research Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051771816","display_name":"Porapat Ongkanchana","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Porapat Ongkanchana","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069426959","display_name":"Romain Fontugne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9816-5625"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Romain Fontugne","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIJ Research Lab"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIJ Research Lab","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052106822","display_name":"Hiroshi Esaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5657-9216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Esaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059545533","display_name":"Job Snijders","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105676","display_name":"Foundation for the Advancement of Social Theory","ror":"https://ror.org/01n95pm43","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105676"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Job Snijders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fastly"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fastly","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105676"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061491233","display_name":"Emile Aben","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8275-5460"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emile Aben","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIPE NCC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIPE NCC","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3938,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60108217,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9757000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prefix","display_name":"Prefix","score":0.9056081771850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/border-gateway-protocol","display_name":"Border Gateway Protocol","score":0.7370472550392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.7095361351966858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.6885248422622681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.673368513584137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5867025256156921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-system","display_name":"Autonomous system (mathematics)","score":0.4741346836090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.43603330850601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/default-free-zone","display_name":"Default-free zone","score":0.4181719720363617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.40751415491104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-table","display_name":"Routing table","score":0.28248491883277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2476404309272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.22417932748794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2188957929611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-routing","display_name":"Static routing","score":0.14671841263771057}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141603448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134830","display_name":"Prefix","level":2,"score":0.9056081771850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178086212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11155","display_name":"Border Gateway Protocol","level":5,"score":0.7370472550392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.7095361351966858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.6885248422622681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.673368513584137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5867025256156921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9628104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788009","display_name":"Autonomous system (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4741346836090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.43603330850601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101396714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3021187","display_name":"Default-free zone","level":5,"score":0.4181719720363617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.40751415491104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184896649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290066","display_name":"Routing table","level":4,"score":0.28248491883277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2476404309272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.22417932748794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2188957929611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.14671841263771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3472305.3472315","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3472305.3472315","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Applied Networking Research Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1667779031","https://openalex.org/W1967241827","https://openalex.org/W1978174042","https://openalex.org/W2121635209","https://openalex.org/W2131210561","https://openalex.org/W2157402197","https://openalex.org/W2295583656","https://openalex.org/W2837959356","https://openalex.org/W2895447227","https://openalex.org/W2907721416","https://openalex.org/W2963283811","https://openalex.org/W2979959231","https://openalex.org/W2980716653","https://openalex.org/W3094603159","https://openalex.org/W3171281241","https://openalex.org/W6637286349","https://openalex.org/W6796759703"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313562891","https://openalex.org/W2536809794","https://openalex.org/W2129457258","https://openalex.org/W37441026","https://openalex.org/W2375534108","https://openalex.org/W1890005204","https://openalex.org/W3030428357","https://openalex.org/W1994570980","https://openalex.org/W2128902975","https://openalex.org/W2061130662"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,20,64,104,109],"key":[2],"component":[3],"of":[4,22,72,106,114,154],"Internet's":[5],"inter-domain":[6],"routing,":[7],"BGP":[8,23,57,115],"is":[9],"expected":[10],"to":[11,79,84,88,159],"work":[12],"flawlessly.":[13],"However,":[14],"a":[15,77,151],"recent":[16],"study":[17,41,52,70,103,139],"has":[18],"revealed":[19],"presence":[21],"zombies:":[24],"Withdrawn":[25],"prefixes":[26,44,61,92,155],"that":[27,35,67,127,142],"are":[28,156],"still":[29],"active":[30],"in":[31,108,111],"routing":[32,38,136],"tables":[33],"and":[34,75,132,148],"can":[36],"cause":[37],"issues.":[39],"That":[40],"used":[42],"experimental":[43],"with":[45],"scheduled":[46],"withdrawals":[47],"(BGP":[48],"beacons).":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51,100],"we":[53,69,102,125],"aim":[54],"at":[55],"detecting":[56],"zombies":[58,107],"for":[59,91],"any":[60],"announced":[62],"on":[63,99],"Internet.":[65],"To":[66],"end":[68],"characteristics":[71],"withdrawn":[73,93],"messages,":[74],"devise":[76],"method":[78],"differentiate":[80],"withdraw":[81],"messages":[82],"corresponding":[83],"local":[85],"topological":[86],"changes":[87],"those":[89,124],"standing":[90],"by":[94],"their":[95],"origin":[96],"AS.":[97],"Based":[98],"classification":[101],"occurrence":[105],"wild":[110],"six":[112],"years":[113],"data.":[116],"We":[117],"find":[118],"over":[119],"6.5":[120],"millions":[121],"zombies,":[122],"among":[123],"confirm":[126],"94%":[128],"report":[129],"incoherent":[130],"states":[131],"caused":[133],"468":[134],"potential":[135],"loops.":[137],"Our":[138],"also":[140],"reveals":[141],"noisy":[143],"prefixes,":[144],"long":[145],"AS":[146],"paths,":[147],"ASes":[149],"announcing":[150],"large":[152],"number":[153],"more":[157],"prone":[158],"zombies.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}