{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205434230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3471621.3471842","title":"The Evolution of DNS-based Email Authentication: Measuring Adoption and Finding Flaws","display_name":"The Evolution of DNS-based Email Authentication: Measuring Adoption and Finding Flaws","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205434230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3471621.3471842","mag":"3205434230"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3471621.3471842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3471621.3471842","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3471621.3471842","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"24th International Symposium on Research in Attacks, Intrusions and Defenses","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3471621.3471842","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090598694","display_name":"Dennis Tatang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Tatang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035526421","display_name":"Florian Zettl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian Zettl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056790702","display_name":"Thorsten Holz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2783-1264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thorsten Holz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090598694"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5396,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86224814,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"354","last_page":"369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10651","display_name":"IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing","display_name":"Phishing","score":0.8881269693374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/email-authentication","display_name":"Email authentication","score":0.7743098735809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7727022171020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.7630831003189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7274342179298401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botnet","display_name":"Botnet","score":0.6149796843528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-name-system","display_name":"Domain Name System","score":0.5616940855979919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.5459377765655518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5303232073783875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5288456678390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4677676558494568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication-protocol","display_name":"Authentication protocol","score":0.4190351366996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.4153313934803009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3130767345428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.27929168939590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/challenge-handshake-authentication-protocol","display_name":"Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol","score":0.2758166790008545}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.8881269693374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C550791530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368811","display_name":"Email authentication","level":5,"score":0.7743098735809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7727022171020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.7630831003189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7274342179298401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22735295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317671","display_name":"Botnet","level":3,"score":0.6149796843528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35026560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8767","display_name":"Domain Name System","level":3,"score":0.5616940855979919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.5459377765655518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5303232073783875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5288456678390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4677676558494568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21564112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825885","display_name":"Authentication protocol","level":3,"score":0.4190351366996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4153313934803009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3130767345428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.27929168939590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207828512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060131","display_name":"Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol","level":4,"score":0.2758166790008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3471621.3471842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3471621.3471842","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3471621.3471842","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"24th International Symposium on Research in Attacks, Intrusions and Defenses","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3471621.3471842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3471621.3471842","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3471621.3471842","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"24th International Symposium on Research in Attacks, Intrusions and Defenses","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G18682879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"390781972","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5106512922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5717916917","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"39078197","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3205434230.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3205434230.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1774758602","https://openalex.org/W1851665508","https://openalex.org/W1996430944","https://openalex.org/W2021327598","https://openalex.org/W2028060714","https://openalex.org/W2070074939","https://openalex.org/W2158712362","https://openalex.org/W2280332707","https://openalex.org/W2290364176","https://openalex.org/W2291531368","https://openalex.org/W2344804892","https://openalex.org/W2350778671","https://openalex.org/W2783156225","https://openalex.org/W2783301790","https://openalex.org/W2806944993","https://openalex.org/W2888998951","https://openalex.org/W2901847728","https://openalex.org/W2907850370","https://openalex.org/W2948569047","https://openalex.org/W2948618391","https://openalex.org/W2959529161","https://openalex.org/W3103367901","https://openalex.org/W3105355360","https://openalex.org/W3178656053","https://openalex.org/W4206157908"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1642214788","https://openalex.org/W2733931179","https://openalex.org/W2016713855","https://openalex.org/W2965181964","https://openalex.org/W2760320879","https://openalex.org/W3195171228","https://openalex.org/W2314541983","https://openalex.org/W2941888532","https://openalex.org/W2034419863","https://openalex.org/W16568508"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Email":[0],"is":[1,22,68],"still":[2],"one":[3],"of":[4,9,53,63],"the":[5,15,36,46,64,72,105,118],"most":[6],"common":[7],"ways":[8],"communication":[10],"in":[11,45,50,86,117],"our":[12,25],"digital":[13],"world,":[14],"underlying":[16],"Simple":[17],"Mail":[18],"Transport":[19],"Protocol":[20],"(SMTP)":[21],"crucial":[23],"for":[24,35,113],"information":[26],"society.":[27],"Back":[28],"when":[29],"SMTP":[30,114],"was":[31],"developed,":[32],"security":[33],"goals":[34],"exchanged":[37],"messages":[38],"did":[39],"not":[40],"play":[41],"a":[42,99],"major":[43],"role":[44],"protocol":[47],"design,":[48],"resulting":[49],"many":[51],"types":[52],"design":[54],"limitations":[55],"and":[56],"vulnerabilities.":[57],"Especially":[58],"spear-phishing":[59],"campaigns":[60],"take":[61],"advantage":[62],"fact":[65],"that":[66],"it":[67],"easy":[69],"to":[70,76],"spoof":[71],"originating":[73],"email":[74,87],"address":[75],"appear":[77],"more":[78],"trustworthy.":[79],"Furthermore,":[80],"trusted":[81],"brands":[82],"can":[83,103],"be":[84],"abused":[85],"spam":[88],"or":[89],"phishing":[90],"campaigns.":[91],"Thus,":[92],"if":[93],"no":[94],"additional":[95],"authentication":[96],"mechanisms":[97],"protect":[98],"given":[100],"domain,":[101],"attackers":[102],"misuse":[104],"domain.":[106],"To":[107],"enable":[108],"proper":[109],"authentication,":[110],"various":[111],"extensions":[112],"were":[115],"developed":[116],"past":[119],"years.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}