{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281695175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3470496.3527401","title":"uBrain","display_name":"uBrain","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281695175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3470496.3527401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3470496.3527401","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3470496.3527401","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 49th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037740394","display_name":"Di Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9775-8026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Di Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Madison"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100647032","display_name":"Jingjie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1605-0518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Madison"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102866081","display_name":"Zhewen Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5707-1137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhewen Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Madison"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004429223","display_name":"Younghyun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5287-9235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Younghyun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Madison"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034301665","display_name":"Joshua San Miguel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6886-7183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua San Miguel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Madison"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037740394"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2014,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8772144,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"468","last_page":"481"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8137043714523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unary-operation","display_name":"Unary operation","score":0.7533135414123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.6480370759963989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5761128067970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.48012566566467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4551811218261719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.42439383268356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.41551363468170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.41043317317962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3580397665500641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.34982097148895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3343160152435303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33165499567985535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.27488577365875244}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8137043714523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78023250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657596","display_name":"Unary operation","level":2,"score":0.7533135414123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.6480370759963989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5761128067970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.48012566566467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4551811218261719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.42439383268356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.41551363468170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41043317317962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3580397665500641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.34982097148895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3343160152435303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33165499567985535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.27488577365875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3470496.3527401","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3470496.3527401","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 49th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3742632805","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2045985, CNS-1845469, CNS-2112562","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306555","display_name":"Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00hwxbz16"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W772526079","https://openalex.org/W1970082897","https://openalex.org/W1984140971","https://openalex.org/W2002569365","https://openalex.org/W2003822222","https://openalex.org/W2025960463","https://openalex.org/W2031804544","https://openalex.org/W2035476288","https://openalex.org/W2050917701","https://openalex.org/W2061116412","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2107549039","https://openalex.org/W2110775015","https://openalex.org/W2119705365","https://openalex.org/W2123018191","https://openalex.org/W2131239166","https://openalex.org/W2133078579","https://openalex.org/W2135825876","https://openalex.org/W2139564752","https://openalex.org/W2146976664","https://openalex.org/W2151669316","https://openalex.org/W2155246454","https://openalex.org/W2155870083","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2253705677","https://openalex.org/W2278647084","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2319453305","https://openalex.org/W2322445764","https://openalex.org/W2346139685","https://openalex.org/W2418999116","https://openalex.org/W2434890868","https://openalex.org/W2540507509","https://openalex.org/W2559463885","https://openalex.org/W2604096629","https://openalex.org/W2611214732","https://openalex.org/W2615649700","https://openalex.org/W2616872883","https://openalex.org/W2625226188","https://openalex.org/W2725159389","https://openalex.org/W2735150756","https://openalex.org/W2758418739","https://openalex.org/W2775675437","https://openalex.org/W2780723646","https://openalex.org/W2797694788","https://openalex.org/W2895657148","https://openalex.org/W2918225995","https://openalex.org/W2946719448","https://openalex.org/W2963355311","https://openalex.org/W2970707101","https://openalex.org/W2976267777","https://openalex.org/W2980609230","https://openalex.org/W3009082884","https://openalex.org/W3023283343","https://openalex.org/W3033186461","https://openalex.org/W3043216033","https://openalex.org/W3092218596","https://openalex.org/W3102455230","https://openalex.org/W3103791884","https://openalex.org/W3119526017","https://openalex.org/W3137680490","https://openalex.org/W3217060357","https://openalex.org/W4247167553","https://openalex.org/W4280635517"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2888918612","https://openalex.org/W2166285859","https://openalex.org/W3148597776","https://openalex.org/W1538206641","https://openalex.org/W2025370853","https://openalex.org/W3211656382","https://openalex.org/W2060412688","https://openalex.org/W3202969339","https://openalex.org/W1972183506","https://openalex.org/W4235940179"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Brain":[0],"computer":[1],"interfaces":[2],"(BCIs)":[3],"have":[4],"been":[5],"widely":[6],"adopted":[7],"to":[8,34,41,82],"enhance":[9],"human":[10],"perception":[11],"via":[12],"brain":[13],"signals":[14],"with":[15,46,75,105,120],"abundant":[16],"spatial-temporal":[17,44],"dynamics,":[18],"such":[19,56],"as":[20],"electroencephalogram":[21],"(EEG).":[22],"In":[23,61],"recent":[24],"years,":[25],"BCI":[26,51,70],"algorithms":[27],"are":[28,53,103],"moving":[29],"from":[30],"classical":[31],"feature":[32],"engineering":[33],"emerging":[35],"deep":[36],"neural":[37,80],"networks":[38,81],"(DNNs),":[39],"allowing":[40],"identify":[42],"the":[43,92,96,100,125],"dynamics":[45,57],"improved":[47],"accuracy.":[48],"However,":[49],"existing":[50],"architectures":[52],"not":[54],"leveraging":[55],"for":[58,72],"hardware":[59,88,101],"efficiency.":[60,89],"this":[62],"work,":[63],"we":[64],"present":[65],"uBrain,":[66,119],"a":[67],"unary":[68,107],"computing":[69,131],"architecture":[71,98,102],"DNN":[73,97],"models":[74],"cascaded":[76],"convolutional":[77],"and":[78,87,94,99,109,129,140],"recurrent":[79],"achieve":[83],"high":[84],"task":[85],"capability":[86],"uBrain":[90],"co-designs":[91],"algorithm":[93],"hardware:":[95],"optimized":[104],"customized":[106],"operations":[108],"immediate":[110],"signal":[111],"processing":[112],"after":[113],"sensing,":[114],"respectively.":[115],"Experiments":[116],"show":[117],"that":[118],"negligible":[121],"accuracy":[122],"loss,":[123],"surpasses":[124],"CPU,":[126],"systolic":[127],"array":[128],"stochastic":[130],"baselines":[132],"in":[133],"on-chip":[134],"power":[135],"efficiency":[136],"by":[137],"9.0\u00d7,":[138],"6.2\u00d7":[139],"2.0\u00d7.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-06-13T00:00:00"}