{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3193298772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3468264.3473131","title":"Selecting test inputs for DNNs using differential testing with subspecialized model instances","display_name":"Selecting test inputs for DNNs using differential testing with subspecialized model instances","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3193298772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3468264.3473131","mag":"3193298772"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3468264.3473131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3468264.3473131","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022688770","display_name":"Yu\u2010Seung Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4168-5515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Seung Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070401254","display_name":"Shin Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0836-6993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shin Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452188","display_name":"Taeho Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5061-206X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taeho Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022688770"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4079,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68550618,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1467","last_page":"1470"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7668105363845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.7305593490600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5871247053146362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","score":0.5274427533149719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4965983033180237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-data","display_name":"Test data","score":0.4598989486694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.45368680357933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4192102253437042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.39422714710235596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7668105363845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.7305593490600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5871247053146362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.5274427533149719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4965983033180237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16910744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705759","display_name":"Test data","level":2,"score":0.4598989486694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.45368680357933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4192102253437042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.39422714710235596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3468264.3473131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3468264.3473131","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041713059","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2119112357","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2555618208","https://openalex.org/W2592929672","https://openalex.org/W2616028256","https://openalex.org/W2734358244","https://openalex.org/W2888824816","https://openalex.org/W3007157104","https://openalex.org/W4253120610"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2073713056","https://openalex.org/W3110702597","https://openalex.org/W2078761926","https://openalex.org/W2110441383","https://openalex.org/W2125620709","https://openalex.org/W1498872724","https://openalex.org/W4233149903","https://openalex.org/W4293864700","https://openalex.org/W2734997742","https://openalex.org/W3101081936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Testing":[0],"of":[1,12,20,79,124],"Deep":[2],"Learning":[3],"(DL)":[4],"models":[5,62],"is":[6,34],"difficult":[7],"due":[8],"to":[9,40,45,101],"the":[10,17,42,74,109,122,125,134],"lack":[11],"automated":[13],"test":[14],"oracle":[15],"and":[16,106],"high":[18],"cost":[19],"human":[21],"labelling.":[22],"Differential":[23],"testing":[24,55],"has":[25],"been":[26],"used":[27],"as":[28,108],"a":[29,52],"surrogate":[30],"oracle,":[31],"but":[32,132],"there":[33],"no":[35],"systematic":[36],"guide":[37],"on":[38,58,66],"how":[39],"choose":[41],"reference":[43,110],"model":[44,111,128],"use":[46,123],"for":[47,73,112],"differential":[48,54,113],"testing.":[49,114],"We":[50],"propose":[51],"novel":[53],"approach":[56,81,116],"based":[57],"subspecialized":[59],"models,":[60],"i.e.,":[61,121],"that":[63,89],"are":[64],"trained":[65,130],"sliced":[67],"training":[68],"data":[69],"only":[70],"(hence":[71],"specialized":[72],"slice).":[75],"A":[76],"preliminary":[77],"evaluation":[78],"our":[80],"with":[82,97],"an":[83],"CNN-based":[84],"EMNIST":[85],"image":[86],"classifier":[87],"shows":[88],"it":[90],"can":[91],"achieve":[92],"higher":[93],"error":[94],"detection":[95],"rate":[96],"selected":[98],"inputs":[99],"compared":[100],"using":[102,133],"more":[103],"advanced":[104],"ResNet":[105],"LeNet":[107],"Our":[115],"also":[117],"outperforms":[118],"N-version":[119],"testing,":[120],"same":[126,135],"DL":[127],"architecture":[129],"separately":[131],"data.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}