{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3166178141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3468264.3473124","title":"CrossASR++: a modular differential testing framework for automatic speech recognition","display_name":"CrossASR++: a modular differential testing framework for automatic speech recognition","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3166178141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3468264.3473124","mag":"3166178141"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3468264.3473124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3468264.3473124","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.14881","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049635019","display_name":"Muhammad Hilmi Asyrofi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0862-2579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Hilmi Asyrofi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Management University, Singapore","Singapore Management University, Singapore;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Management University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Management University, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008695791","display_name":"Zhou Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5938-1918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Management University, Singapore","Singapore Management University, Singapore;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Management University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Management University, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081036622","display_name":"David Lo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4367-7201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Management University, Singapore","Singapore Management University, Singapore;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Management University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Management University, Singapore;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049635019"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.14,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53555664,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1575","last_page":"1579"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7991845607757568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.7856974601745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.7052668929100037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.5184283256530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4883560836315155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","score":0.45974212884902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38882380723953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09986311197280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09368214011192322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7991845607757568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.7856974601745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.7052668929100037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5184283256530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4883560836315155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.45974212884902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38882380723953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09986311197280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09368214011192322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3468264.3473124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3468264.3473124","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2105.14881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.14881","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.14881","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3166178141","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.14881.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-7867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/6864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196871","display_name":"Institutional Knowledge (InK) - Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Proceeding Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2105.14881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2105.14881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2105.14881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.14881","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.14881","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1586176709","https://openalex.org/W1922655562","https://openalex.org/W2193413348","https://openalex.org/W2899171775","https://openalex.org/W2905569079","https://openalex.org/W2952730822","https://openalex.org/W2953190524","https://openalex.org/W2956152059","https://openalex.org/W2963058500","https://openalex.org/W2964301649","https://openalex.org/W2973057252","https://openalex.org/W2973252307","https://openalex.org/W3036601975","https://openalex.org/W3095160926","https://openalex.org/W3099782249","https://openalex.org/W3118732669","https://openalex.org/W3156272176","https://openalex.org/W3200167504"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3195391869","https://openalex.org/W3095160926","https://openalex.org/W3136258522","https://openalex.org/W3105804405","https://openalex.org/W2626964143","https://openalex.org/W2996353927","https://openalex.org/W3107298252","https://openalex.org/W3203040546","https://openalex.org/W2809035663","https://openalex.org/W3015722595","https://openalex.org/W3046177490","https://openalex.org/W3136178271","https://openalex.org/W3130251849","https://openalex.org/W2802390314","https://openalex.org/W2402238668","https://openalex.org/W3038127439","https://openalex.org/W2572185725","https://openalex.org/W2517015344","https://openalex.org/W1824008560","https://openalex.org/W2951862245"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Developers":[0],"need":[1],"to":[2,6,44,61,72,121,146,234],"perform":[3],"adequate":[4],"testing":[5,33,114],"ensure":[7],"the":[8,85,144,158,170,188,203,213,237,248,264],"quality":[9],"of":[10,205,212,251],"Automatic":[11],"Speech":[12],"Recognition":[13],"(ASR)":[14],"systems.":[15,37,96],"However,":[16],"manually":[17],"collecting":[18],"required":[19],"test":[20,64,75,167,182,207,245],"cases":[21,76,183,208,246],"is":[22,82],"tedious":[23],"and":[24,50,94,108,125,128,142,152,173,221,263],"time-consuming.":[25],"Our":[26],"recent":[27],"work":[28,147],"proposes":[29],"CrossASR,":[30],"a":[31,69,80,138,149],"differential":[32],"method":[34,39,81],"for":[35,59,184,198,210,256],"ASR":[36,57,95,113,126,174,197,215],"This":[38],"first":[40],"utilizes":[41],"Text-to-Speech":[42],"(TTS)":[43],"generate":[45],"audios":[46,54],"from":[47,137],"texts":[48,136],"automatically":[49],"then":[51],"feed":[52],"these":[53],"into":[55],"different":[56,123],"systems":[58,216],"cross-referencing":[60],"uncover":[62,178],"failed":[63,166,181,206,244],"cases.":[65,168],"It":[66],"also":[67,132,225],"leverages":[68],"failure":[70,129,231],"estimator":[71,145],"find":[73],"failing":[74],"more":[77,91,150,165,180,196,243],"efficiently.":[78],"Such":[79],"inherently":[83],"self-improvable:":[84],"performance":[86],"can":[87,117,161,177,201,240,258,267],"increase":[88,202],"by":[89,192,217],"leveraging":[90],"advanced":[92],"TTS":[93,124,172],"So,":[97],"in":[98,148],"this":[99],"accompanying":[100],"tool":[101,115],"demo":[102,254],"paper,":[103],"we":[104,200],"further":[105],"engineer":[106],"CrossASR":[107],"propose":[109],"CrossASR++,":[110],"an":[111],"easy-to-use":[112],"that":[116,157],"be":[118,259,268],"conveniently":[119],"extended":[120],"incorporate":[122],"systems,":[127,175],"estimators.":[130,232],"We":[131,155,224],"make":[133],"CrossASR++":[134,163,176,227,257],"chunk":[135],"given":[139],"corpus":[140],"dynamically":[141],"enable":[143],"effective":[151],"flexible":[153],"way.":[154],"demonstrate":[156],"new":[159],"features":[160],"help":[162],"discover":[164,241],"Using":[169],"same":[171,249],"26.2%":[179],"4":[185,214],"ASRs":[186],"than":[187],"original":[189],"tool.":[190],"Moreover,":[191],"simply":[193],"adding":[194],"one":[195,239],"cross-referencing,":[199],"number":[204],"uncovered":[209],"each":[211],"25.07%,":[218],"39.63%,":[219],"20.95%":[220],"8.17%":[222],"respectively.":[223],"extend":[226],"with":[228],"5":[229],"additional":[230],"Compared":[233],"worst":[235],"estimator,":[236],"best":[238],"10.41%":[242],"within":[247],"amount":[250],"time.":[252],"The":[253],"video":[255],"viewed":[260],"at":[261,270],"https://youtu.be/ddRk-f0QV-g":[262],"source":[265],"code":[266],"found":[269],"https://github.com/soarsmu/CrossASRplus.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
