{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3188785851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3467956","title":"StarFL: Hybrid Federated Learning Architecture for Smart Urban Computing","display_name":"StarFL: Hybrid Federated Learning Architecture for Smart Urban Computing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3188785851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3467956","mag":"3188785851"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3467956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3467956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052863298","display_name":"Anbu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3444-7348"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anbu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["WeBank, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3444-7348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WeBank, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355692","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-9215"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["WeBank, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WeBank, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068882233","display_name":"Tianjian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8479-2054"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianjian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["WeBank, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WeBank, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027317980","display_name":"Yongkai Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098154","display_name":"UnionPay (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00vg14y34","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098154"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongkai Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["China UnionPay, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China UnionPay, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098154"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027371530","display_name":"Quan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8248-2098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098154","display_name":"UnionPay (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00vg14y34","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098154"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["China UnionPay, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China UnionPay, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098154"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023897455","display_name":"Hongfeng Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8577-4771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098154","display_name":"UnionPay (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00vg14y34","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098154"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongfeng Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["China UnionPay, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China UnionPay, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098154"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100636286","display_name":"Qiang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5059-8360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["WeBank and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WeBank and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6404,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95512169,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9051252603530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5888018608093262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5326889157295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timestamp","display_name":"Timestamp","score":0.48932546377182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.47966980934143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4770461916923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.44814205169677734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4437602460384369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.4126635193824768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-synchronization","display_name":"Data synchronization","score":0.4117443561553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1655176281929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.1646011471748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10761567950248718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9051252603530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5888018608093262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5326889157295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113954288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186885","display_name":"Timestamp","level":2,"score":0.48932546377182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.47966980934143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4770461916923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.44814205169677734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4437602460384369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.4126635193824768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108734733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172333","display_name":"Data synchronization","level":3,"score":0.4117443561553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1655176281929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.1646011471748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10761567950248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3467956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3467956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-114485","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-85122534701&origin=inward","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ust.hk:1783.1-114485","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-114485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51265332","https://openalex.org/W104209573","https://openalex.org/W1504183433","https://openalex.org/W1523754616","https://openalex.org/W1610015390","https://openalex.org/W1988134541","https://openalex.org/W1989124578","https://openalex.org/W2019735187","https://openalex.org/W2051051926","https://openalex.org/W2051267297","https://openalex.org/W2059307738","https://openalex.org/W2062854284","https://openalex.org/W2068143382","https://openalex.org/W2071764857","https://openalex.org/W2076014973","https://openalex.org/W2101823987","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2109426455","https://openalex.org/W2112738128","https://openalex.org/W2121213780","https://openalex.org/W2132504805","https://openalex.org/W2138203529","https://openalex.org/W2141420453","https://openalex.org/W2141720560","https://openalex.org/W2144752539","https://openalex.org/W2156186849","https://openalex.org/W2164327070","https://openalex.org/W2473418344","https://openalex.org/W2535690855","https://openalex.org/W2591882872","https://openalex.org/W2734941459","https://openalex.org/W2737885910","https://openalex.org/W2783522756","https://openalex.org/W2795435272","https://openalex.org/W2803355698","https://openalex.org/W2896479683","https://openalex.org/W2897830718","https://openalex.org/W2912213068","https://openalex.org/W2913096406","https://openalex.org/W2917425811","https://openalex.org/W2919576603","https://openalex.org/W2949734902","https://openalex.org/W2963456518","https://openalex.org/W2970097841","https://openalex.org/W2970408908","https://openalex.org/W2974175488","https://openalex.org/W2974393504","https://openalex.org/W2979637109","https://openalex.org/W2984242138","https://openalex.org/W2995191368","https://openalex.org/W2996276196","https://openalex.org/W2999074226","https://openalex.org/W3006087224","https://openalex.org/W3014517104","https://openalex.org/W3016075089","https://openalex.org/W3021654819","https://openalex.org/W3043758338","https://openalex.org/W3081386909","https://openalex.org/W3090615085","https://openalex.org/W3097981673","https://openalex.org/W3100779497","https://openalex.org/W3103802018","https://openalex.org/W3113149354","https://openalex.org/W3141585064","https://openalex.org/W4236786653"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027357437","https://openalex.org/W2123134332","https://openalex.org/W2014622309","https://openalex.org/W2157126534","https://openalex.org/W1592820837","https://openalex.org/W2548702785","https://openalex.org/W2885105415","https://openalex.org/W78899842","https://openalex.org/W2368252421","https://openalex.org/W2070290693"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"From":[0],"facial":[1],"recognition":[2],"to":[3,75,99,120,156,203,219,232],"autonomous":[4],"driving,":[5],"Artificial":[6],"Intelligence":[7],"(AI)":[8],"will":[9],"transform":[10],"the":[11,18,46,52,76,97,101,104,128,205,208,233,237],"way":[12],"we":[13,163],"live":[14],"and":[15,37,54,63,90,151,184,193,195],"work":[16],"over":[17],"next":[19,238],"couple":[20],"of":[21,39,42,56,207,222,240],"decades.":[22],"Existing":[23],"AI":[24],"approaches":[25,67],"for":[26,200,236],"urban":[27,143,241],"computing":[28,144],"suffer":[29],"from":[30,45,96],"various":[31],"challenges,":[32,162],"including":[33,59],"dealing":[34],"with":[35,175],"synchronization":[36,221],"processing":[38],"vast":[40],"amount":[41],"data":[43,69,84,102,130,146],"generated":[44],"edge":[47],"devices,":[48],"as":[49,51,88],"well":[50],"privacy":[53,138],"security":[55,206],"individual":[57],"users,":[58],"their":[60],"bio-metrics,":[61],"locations,":[62],"itineraries.":[64],"Traditional":[65],"centralized-based":[66],"require":[68],"in":[70,103],"each":[71,201],"organization":[72],"be":[73,81],"uploaded":[74],"central":[77],"database,":[78],"which":[79,134],"may":[80],"prohibited":[82],"by":[83],"protection":[85],"acts,":[86],"such":[87],"GDPR":[89],"CCPA.":[91],"To":[92,159],"decouple":[93],"model":[94,125],"training":[95,108,129],"need":[98],"store":[100],"cloud,":[105],"a":[106,123,165,197],"new":[107,154,166],"paradigm":[109],"called":[110,171],"Federated":[111],"Learning":[112],"(FL)":[113],"is":[114],"proposed.":[115],"FL":[116,157],"enables":[117,188],"multiple":[118,223],"devices":[119,132],"collaboratively":[121],"learn":[122],"shared":[124],"while":[126],"keeping":[127],"on":[131],"locally,":[133],"can":[135,214],"significantly":[136],"mitigate":[137],"leakage":[139],"risk.":[140],"However,":[141],"under":[142],"scenarios,":[145],"are":[147],"often":[148],"communication-heavy,":[149],"high-frequent,":[150],"asynchronized,":[152],"posing":[153],"challenges":[155],"implementation.":[158],"handle":[160],"these":[161,226],"propose":[164],"hybrid":[167],"federated":[168],"learning":[169],"architecture":[170],"StarFL.":[172],"By":[173],"combining":[174],"Trusted":[176],"Execution":[177],"Environment":[178],"(TEE),":[179],"Secure":[180],"Multi-Party":[181],"Computation":[182],"(MPC),":[183],"(Beidou)":[185],"satellites,":[186],"StarFL":[187,213,229],"safe":[189],"key":[190],"distribution,":[191],"encryption,":[192],"decryption,":[194],"provides":[196],"verification":[198],"mechanism":[199],"participant":[202],"ensure":[204],"local":[209],"data.":[210],"In":[211],"addition,":[212],"provide":[215],"accurate":[216],"timestamp":[217],"matching":[218],"facilitate":[220],"clients.":[224],"All":[225],"improvements":[227],"make":[228],"more":[230],"applicable":[231],"security-sensitive":[234],"scenarios":[235],"generation":[239],"computing.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
