{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3203936550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3467707.3467717","title":"A Convolution Neural Network with Mixed-Size Kernels for Time-Frequency Characteristics of Motor Imagery","display_name":"A Convolution Neural Network with Mixed-Size Kernels for Time-Frequency Characteristics of Motor Imagery","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3203936550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3467707.3467717","mag":"3203936550"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3467707.3467717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3467707.3467717","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 7th International Conference on Computing and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016393109","display_name":"Tangfei Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6249-2408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tangfei Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074636697","display_name":"Zezhen Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zezhen Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113877584","display_name":"Guanghua Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanghua Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078112944","display_name":"Kai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5607-2757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016393109"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3553,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55806777,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"69","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.8484117984771729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7449088096618652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6312429308891296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-time-fourier-transform","display_name":"Short-time Fourier transform","score":0.6235167980194092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.609728217124939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6015620231628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5856392979621887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5490550994873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoregressive-model","display_name":"Autoregressive model","score":0.4616504907608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time\u2013frequency-analysis","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","score":0.45926132798194885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.4348711669445038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.4238939583301544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4191519320011139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.4157540798187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.37809261679649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.349409818649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.3132254481315613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.2300998866558075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19277402758598328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-analysis","display_name":"Fourier analysis","score":0.12556138634681702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10541054606437683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.8484117984771729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7449088096618652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6312429308891296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166386157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477735","display_name":"Short-time Fourier transform","level":4,"score":0.6235167980194092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.609728217124939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6015620231628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5856392979621887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5490550994873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159877910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2202883","display_name":"Autoregressive model","level":2,"score":0.4616504907608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.45926132798194885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4348711669445038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.4238939583301544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4191519320011139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.4157540798187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.37809261679649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.349409818649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.3132254481315613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2300998866558075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19277402758598328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203024314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365258","display_name":"Fourier analysis","level":3,"score":0.12556138634681702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10541054606437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3467707.3467717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3467707.3467717","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 7th International Conference on Computing and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969878365","https://openalex.org/W2084204380","https://openalex.org/W2142723719","https://openalex.org/W2521878393","https://openalex.org/W2736583283","https://openalex.org/W2741907166","https://openalex.org/W2898664946","https://openalex.org/W2899231953","https://openalex.org/W2971518519","https://openalex.org/W3048643622","https://openalex.org/W3105557179","https://openalex.org/W4205709116"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977940006","https://openalex.org/W2947925238","https://openalex.org/W2887556756","https://openalex.org/W195417223","https://openalex.org/W2951110009","https://openalex.org/W1513407214","https://openalex.org/W1984377984","https://openalex.org/W2510077457","https://openalex.org/W1961545574","https://openalex.org/W3045772920"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,15],"paradigm":[2],"of":[3,49,64,77,90],"spontaneous":[4],"Brain-Computer":[5],"Interface":[6],"(BCI),":[7],"motor":[8,31,50,65],"imagery":[9,32,51,66],"electroencephalogram":[10],"(EEG)":[11],"has":[12,42,149],"always":[13],"been":[14,26],"hot":[16],"topic":[17],"in":[18,46,84,146],"BCI":[19],"and":[20,68,115,154],"clinical":[21],"rehabilitation.":[22],"Many":[23],"algorithms":[24],"have":[25],"proposed":[27],"for":[28,124],"decoding":[29],"the":[30,38,47,55,62,74,85,87,91,131,143],"signals.":[33],"The":[34,102,127],"algorithm":[35],"based":[36,95],"on":[37,96],"convolutional":[39],"neural":[40],"network":[41,94],"shown":[43,150],"excellent":[44],"potential":[45],"task":[48],"signal":[52,75],"classification.":[53],"However,":[54],"existing":[56],"models":[57],"are":[58],"not":[59],"specific":[60],"to":[61],"characteristics":[63],"signals,":[67],"so,":[69],"they":[70],"cannot":[71],"fully":[72],"extract":[73],"features":[76],"different":[78],"rhythms.":[79],"Moreover,":[80],"limited":[81],"by":[82,106],"difficulties":[83],"acquisition,":[86],"classification":[88,133,141,152],"effect":[89],"model":[92,144],"is":[93,100,111,122,135],"mixed-size":[97],"convolution":[98],"kernel":[99],"designed.":[101],"time-frequency":[103],"graph":[104],"obtained":[105],"Short-time":[107],"Fourier":[108],"transform":[109],"(STFT)":[110],"used":[112,123],"as":[113],"input,":[114],"Deep":[116],"Convolutional":[117],"Generative":[118],"Adversarial":[119],"Networks":[120],"(DCGANs)":[121],"data":[125],"enhancement.":[126],"results":[128],"show":[129],"that":[130],"average":[132],"accuracy":[134,153],"85.7%.":[136],"Compared":[137],"with":[138],"current":[139],"mainstream":[140],"algorithms,":[142],"presented":[145],"this":[147],"paper":[148],"high":[151],"good":[155],"robustness.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T13:04:00.132906","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}