{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3158716008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3466819","title":"A Survey on End-User Robot Programming","display_name":"A Survey on End-User Robot Programming","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3158716008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3466819","mag":"3158716008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3466819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3466819","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3466819","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3466819","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gopika Ajaykumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gopika Ajaykumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Maureen Steele","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maureen Steele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chien-Ming Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chien-Ming Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.4041,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99581152,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"8","first_page":"1","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13197","display_name":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","score":0.9420999884605408,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13197","display_name":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","score":0.9420999884605408,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7102000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-programming","display_name":"Inductive programming","score":0.5601999759674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-by-demonstration","display_name":"Programming by demonstration","score":0.5321000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-robot","display_name":"Personal robot","score":0.49320000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-reactive-programming","display_name":"Functional reactive programming","score":0.4584999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactive-programming","display_name":"Reactive programming","score":0.4253000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-robot","display_name":"Social robot","score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.3749000132083893}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7633000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7102000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50033165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15712089","display_name":"Inductive programming","level":3,"score":0.5601999759674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779038628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248497","display_name":"Programming by demonstration","level":3,"score":0.5321000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5056999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168402607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072119","display_name":"Personal robot","level":5,"score":0.49320000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119489759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5508843","display_name":"Functional reactive programming","level":5,"score":0.4584999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150762246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4354073","display_name":"Reactive programming","level":4,"score":0.4253000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162947575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005645","display_name":"Social robot","level":5,"score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65401140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353385","display_name":"Robot control","level":4,"score":0.3666999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119263510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248501","display_name":"Programming domain","level":4,"score":0.35359999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120558287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418502","display_name":"Procedural programming","level":4,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61714564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7661185","display_name":"Symbolic programming","level":4,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762268","display_name":"Automatic programming","level":2,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69941290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1936256","display_name":"System programming","level":4,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33857546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80006","display_name":"Computer programming","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188888258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353390","display_name":"Robot learning","level":4,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101188967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7876552","display_name":"Ubiquitous robot","level":5,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3466819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3466819","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3466819","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2105.01757","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.01757","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.01757","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3466819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3466819","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3466819","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5280230632","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1746891","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8820907428","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DGE-1746891","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310145","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3158716008.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3158716008.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95067517","https://openalex.org/W1517943492","https://openalex.org/W1808011207","https://openalex.org/W1905574901","https://openalex.org/W1918827201","https://openalex.org/W1964335767","https://openalex.org/W1964749136","https://openalex.org/W1969784320","https://openalex.org/W1986014385","https://openalex.org/W1990114866","https://openalex.org/W2000572798","https://openalex.org/W2018372581","https://openalex.org/W2018451289","https://openalex.org/W2025427190","https://openalex.org/W2042555163","https://openalex.org/W2049975267","https://openalex.org/W2052526906","https://openalex.org/W2058919032","https://openalex.org/W2058963472","https://openalex.org/W2064189581","https://openalex.org/W2066622421","https://openalex.org/W2082308368","https://openalex.org/W2083863968","https://openalex.org/W2084944215","https://openalex.org/W2091586920","https://openalex.org/W2092671133","https://openalex.org/W2093495548","https://openalex.org/W2101462298","https://openalex.org/W2111040806","https://openalex.org/W2112142393","https://openalex.org/W2113739894","https://openalex.org/W2117400595","https://openalex.org/W2127792364","https://openalex.org/W2128103053","https://openalex.org/W2159676467","https://openalex.org/W2168720422","https://openalex.org/W2170493449","https://openalex.org/W2171955640","https://openalex.org/W2174644224","https://openalex.org/W2213107010","https://openalex.org/W2251129220","https://openalex.org/W2280536240","https://openalex.org/W2296594443","https://openalex.org/W2327882994","https://openalex.org/W2460525064","https://openalex.org/W2550481889","https://openalex.org/W2550647949","https://openalex.org/W2589775493","https://openalex.org/W2593071205","https://openalex.org/W2593261762","https://openalex.org/W2594599549","https://openalex.org/W2604382266","https://openalex.org/W2613073334","https://openalex.org/W2613229488","https://openalex.org/W2613364463","https://openalex.org/W2622654703","https://openalex.org/W2755632230","https://openalex.org/W2766447905","https://openalex.org/W2772544937","https://openalex.org/W2786744768","https://openalex.org/W2791292784","https://openalex.org/W2796864868","https://openalex.org/W2810920017","https://openalex.org/W2890612125","https://openalex.org/W2896381102","https://openalex.org/W2897697648","https://openalex.org/W2899026724","https://openalex.org/W2899160115","https://openalex.org/W2900551880","https://openalex.org/W2910490344","https://openalex.org/W2917536090","https://openalex.org/W2940721292","https://openalex.org/W2951356022","https://openalex.org/W2955693117","https://openalex.org/W2964481574","https://openalex.org/W2968152125","https://openalex.org/W2980931192","https://openalex.org/W2996549088","https://openalex.org/W3000367213","https://openalex.org/W3000565688","https://openalex.org/W3009635394","https://openalex.org/W3009953896","https://openalex.org/W3010140246","https://openalex.org/W3014528623","https://openalex.org/W3015004637","https://openalex.org/W3029258967","https://openalex.org/W3031906401","https://openalex.org/W3093810920","https://openalex.org/W4240634968","https://openalex.org/W4248885579","https://openalex.org/W4252387763","https://openalex.org/W4300342988"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"robots":[1,30],"interact":[2],"with":[3,45],"a":[4,46],"broader":[5],"range":[6],"of":[7,85],"end-users,":[8],"end-user":[9,42,49,65,86],"robot":[10,15,26,43,66,87],"programming":[11,16,27,57,67,88],"has":[12],"helped":[13],"democratize":[14],"by":[17,63,72],"empowering":[18],"end-users":[19],"who":[20],"may":[21],"not":[22],"have":[23],"experience":[24],"in":[25],"to":[28,31,79],"customize":[29],"meet":[32],"their":[33],"individual":[34],"contextual":[35],"needs.":[36],"This":[37],"article":[38],"surveys":[39],"work":[40],"on":[41,48],"programming,":[44],"focus":[47],"program":[50],"specification.":[51],"It":[52],"describes":[53],"the":[54,64,83],"primary":[55],"domains,":[56],"phases,":[58],"and":[59,81],"design":[60],"choices":[61],"represented":[62],"literature.":[68],"The":[69],"survey":[70],"concludes":[71],"highlighting":[73],"open":[74],"directions":[75],"for":[76],"further":[77],"investigation":[78],"enhance":[80],"widen":[82],"reach":[84],"systems.":[89]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-24T08:23:43.765630","created_date":"2021-05-10T00:00:00"}