{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3196180073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3465481.3470478","title":"Unsupervised Ethical Equity Evaluation of Adversarial Federated Networks","display_name":"Unsupervised Ethical Equity Evaluation of Adversarial Federated Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3196180073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3465481.3470478","mag":"3196180073"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3465481.3470478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3465481.3470478","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/6779800","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067927478","display_name":"Ilias Siniosoglou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-8185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89506807","display_name":"University of Western Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/00a5pe906","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ilias Siniosoglou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Western Macedonia, GR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Macedonia, GR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013565466","display_name":"Vasileios Argyriou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4679-8049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154901","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/0517ce304","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasileios Argyriou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kingston University, GB"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kingston University, GB","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042340225","display_name":"Stamatia Bibi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4248-3752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89506807","display_name":"University of Western Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/00a5pe906","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stamatia Bibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Western Macedonia, GR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Macedonia, GR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066475089","display_name":"\u0398\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c2 \u039b\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0749-9794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183898223","display_name":"International Hellenic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00708jp83","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Lagkas","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Hellenic University, GR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Hellenic University, GR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050756789","display_name":"Panagiotis Sarigiannidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6042-0355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89506807","display_name":"University of Western Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/00a5pe906","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Sarigiannidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Western Macedonia, GR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Macedonia, GR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067927478"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9799,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80811803,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7738513946533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7507537603378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.7232521772384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6946559548377991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6067487597465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5737366676330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5503531694412231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.5464070439338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5319336652755737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.44878649711608887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.42066675424575806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.411634624004364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3740939497947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3672884702682495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11405381560325623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7738513946533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7507537603378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.7232521772384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6946559548377991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6067487597465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5737366676330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5503531694412231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.5464070439338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5319336652755737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44878649711608887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.42066675424575806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.411634624004364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3740939497947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3672884702682495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11405381560325623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3465481.3470478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3465481.3470478","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:6779800","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/6779800","pdf_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/6779800","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.kingston.ac.uk:49921","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/id/eprint/49921/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400991","display_name":"Research Repository (Kingston University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801636071","host_organization_name":"Kingston Hospital NHS Trust","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801636071"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:6779800","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/6779800","pdf_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/6779800","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3288996226","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"957406","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4956428346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020 research and innovatio","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7738661972","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"957406","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318064016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3196180073.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3196180073.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524182137","https://openalex.org/W1901516164","https://openalex.org/W2069021273","https://openalex.org/W2097749765","https://openalex.org/W2173520492","https://openalex.org/W2659496420","https://openalex.org/W2765811365","https://openalex.org/W2795926922","https://openalex.org/W2899901572","https://openalex.org/W2900477065","https://openalex.org/W2901282482","https://openalex.org/W2963290659","https://openalex.org/W2980688251","https://openalex.org/W2990917925","https://openalex.org/W3001325760","https://openalex.org/W3004719090","https://openalex.org/W3005040148","https://openalex.org/W3017538915","https://openalex.org/W3021654819","https://openalex.org/W3039690871","https://openalex.org/W3080580366","https://openalex.org/W3081305211","https://openalex.org/W3103802018","https://openalex.org/W3107669106","https://openalex.org/W3120254195","https://openalex.org/W3123608679","https://openalex.org/W3127603246","https://openalex.org/W3189373506","https://openalex.org/W3190936350"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950183588","https://openalex.org/W3080754722","https://openalex.org/W3093978547","https://openalex.org/W3203790781","https://openalex.org/W2997056298","https://openalex.org/W2738001131","https://openalex.org/W4285785480","https://openalex.org/W3127875750","https://openalex.org/W4383221314","https://openalex.org/W2953536436"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"the":[1,28,39,46,71,89,95,106,110],"technology":[2],"of":[3,41,49,74,97,99,108],"Deep":[4,51,75],"Learning":[5,76],"(DL)":[6,77],"is":[7,102],"a":[8,50,100,119],"powerful":[9],"tool":[10],"when":[11],"properly":[12],"trained":[13],"for":[14,22,59,69,93],"image":[15,60],"analysis":[16],"and":[17,31,55,79,113],"classification":[18],"applications,":[19],"some":[20],"factors":[21],"its":[23,82,115],"optimization":[24],"rely":[25],"solely":[26],"on":[27],"training":[29,47],"data":[30],"their":[32],"environment.":[33],"In":[34],"an":[35,65],"effort":[36],"to":[37],"tackle":[38],"problem":[40],"knowledge":[42,112],"bias":[43],"created":[44],"during":[45],"process":[48],"Neural":[52],"Network":[53],"(DNN)":[54],"specifically":[56],"Adversarial":[57],"Networks":[58],"augmentation,":[61],"this":[62],"work":[63],"presents":[64],"entirely":[66],"unsupervised":[67],"methodology":[68],"discovering":[70],"unfairness":[72,98],"level":[73,96],"models":[78],"in":[80,118],"extend,":[81],"wrongly":[83],"accumulated":[84],"or":[85],"biased":[86],"classes.":[87],"Fdi,":[88],"proposed":[90],"evaluation":[91],"metric":[92],"quantizing":[94],"model":[101],"introduced,":[103],"along":[104],"with":[105],"method":[107],"weighting":[109],"model\u2019s":[111],"producing":[114],"weakest":[116],"aspects":[117],"data-agnostic":[120],"way.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}