{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3145670849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3465481.3465756","title":"Implementing CRYSTALS-Dilithium Signature Scheme on FPGAs","display_name":"Implementing CRYSTALS-Dilithium Signature Scheme on FPGAs","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3145670849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3465481.3465756","mag":"3145670849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3465481.3465756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3465481.3465756","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070644950","display_name":"Sara Ricci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-4951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Ricci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brno University of Technology, Czechia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brno University of Technology, Czechia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033989681","display_name":"Luk\u00e1\u0161 Malina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7208-2514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukas Malina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brno University of Technology, Czechia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brno University of Technology, Czechia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102009594","display_name":"Petr Jedli\u010dka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0166-7088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petr Jedlicka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brno University of Technology, Czechia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brno University of Technology, Czechia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065983774","display_name":"David Sm\u00e9kal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-6450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Sm\u00e9kal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brno University of Technology, Czechia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brno University of Technology, Czechia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027693776","display_name":"Jan Hajn\u00fd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-1073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Hajny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brno University of Technology, Czechia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brno University of Technology, Czechia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087598804","display_name":"Peter C\u00edbik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0780-6288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094509","display_name":"Netcope Technologies (Czechia)","ror":"https://ror.org/00609hp35","country_code":"CZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094509"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Cibik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Netcope Technologies a.s., Czechia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Netcope Technologies a.s., Czechia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094509"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Petr Dzurenda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petr Dzurenda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brno University of Technology, Czechia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brno University of Technology, Czechia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Patrik Dobias","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrik Dobias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brno University of Technology, Czechia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brno University of Technology, Czechia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7538,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91577662,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9354000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9354000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9014000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilithium","display_name":"Dilithium","score":0.9690197706222534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.7225103378295898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.7213751077651978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6687213778495789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.585681676864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.37988555431365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14738070964813232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14455842971801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.08436262607574463}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775951159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1189242","display_name":"Dilithium","level":4,"score":0.9690197706222534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.7225103378295898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7213751077651978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6687213778495789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.585681676864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.37988555431365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14738070964813232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14455842971801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08436262607574463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118629725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2686738","display_name":"Deprotonation","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3465481.3465756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3465481.3465756","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:3145670849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/108.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764847869","display_name":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614454"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cryptology ePrint Archive"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3876689275","display_name":"Modular Hardware Accelerator for Cryptographic Operations","funder_award_id":"VI20192022126","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311333","funder_display_name":"Ministerstvo Vnitra \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311333","display_name":"Ministerstvo Vnitra \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","ror":"https://ror.org/05w1nn565"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985439922","https://openalex.org/W2084500851","https://openalex.org/W2176839111","https://openalex.org/W2177209050","https://openalex.org/W2612903716","https://openalex.org/W2795080420","https://openalex.org/W2914654142","https://openalex.org/W2914999860","https://openalex.org/W3023641472","https://openalex.org/W3097058029","https://openalex.org/W3118395860"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3195434025"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,34,101,129],"July":[1],"2020,":[2],"the":[3,15,20,26,39,52,103,115,161],"lattice-based":[4],"CRYSTALS-Dilithium":[5,53],"digital":[6],"signature":[7,54],"scheme":[8,55],"has":[9],"been":[10],"chosen":[11],"as":[12],"one":[13],"of":[14,29,51,70,80],"three":[16],"third-round":[17],"finalists":[18],"in":[19],"post-quantum":[21],"cryptography":[22],"standardization":[23],"process":[24],"by":[25],"National":[27],"Institute":[28],"Standards":[30],"and":[31,76,95,114,121,141,164],"Technology":[32],"(NIST).":[33],"this":[35,130],"work,":[36],"we":[37],"present":[38],"first":[40],"Very":[41],"High":[42],"Speed":[43],"Integrated":[44],"Circuit":[45],"Hardware":[46],"Description":[47],"Language":[48],"(VHDL)":[49],"implementation":[50,86,144],"for":[56,134],"Field-Programmable":[57],"Gate":[58],"Arrays":[59],"(FPGAs).":[60],"Due":[61],"to":[62,89],"our":[63,85,142],"parallelization-based":[64],"design":[65],"requiring":[66],"only":[67],"low":[68],"numbers":[69],"cycles,":[71],"running":[72],"at":[73],"high":[74],"frequency":[75],"using":[77],"reasonable":[78],"amount":[79],"hardware":[81,167],"resources":[82],"on":[83,124],"FPGA,":[84],"is":[87,145,155],"able":[88],"sign":[90],"15832":[91],"messages":[92],"per":[93,99],"second":[94],"verify":[96],"10524":[97],"signatures":[98],"second.":[100],"particular,":[102],"signing":[104,162],"algorithm":[105,117],"requires":[106,165],"68461":[107],"Look-Up":[108],"Tables":[109],"(LUTs),":[110],"86295":[111],"Flip-Flops":[112],"(FFs),":[113],"verification":[116],"takes":[118],"61738":[119],"LUTs":[120],"34963":[122],"FFs":[123],"Virtex":[125],"7":[126],"UltraScale+":[127],"FPGAs.":[128],"article,":[131],"experimental":[132],"results":[133],"each":[135],"Dilithium":[136],"security":[137],"level":[138],"are":[139],"provided":[140],"VHDL-based":[143],"compared":[146],"with":[147],"related":[148],"High-Level":[149],"Synthesis":[150],"(HLS)-based":[151],"implementations.":[152],"Our":[153],"solution":[154],"ca":[156],"114":[157],"times":[158],"faster":[159],"(in":[160],"algorithm)":[163],"less":[166],"resources.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}