{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092791767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3465456.3467589","title":"The Market for Fake Reviews","display_name":"The Market for Fake Reviews","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092791767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3465456.3467589","mag":"3092791767"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3465456.3467589","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3465456.3467589","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Economics and Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053671956","display_name":"Sherry He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2032-8006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sherry He","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061195046","display_name":"Brett Hollenbeck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9848-9366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brett Hollenbeck","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101489444","display_name":"Davide Proserpio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9271-067X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Proserpio","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053671956"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6819,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94934619,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"588","last_page":"588"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9778000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.968999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.7466027736663818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.6263730525970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.6089000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5923396348953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.5781857967376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.43145832419395447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.42584794759750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.22381329536437988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1350189745426178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09834274649620056}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.7466027736663818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6263730525970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6089000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5923396348953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.5781857967376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.43145832419395447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.42584794759750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22381329536437988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1350189745426178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09834274649620056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3465456.3467589","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3465456.3467589","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Conference on Economics and Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3203175338","https://openalex.org/W2356901839","https://openalex.org/W3209501579","https://openalex.org/W2969547062","https://openalex.org/W2497114785","https://openalex.org/W3214344174","https://openalex.org/W2084978036","https://openalex.org/W2390631662","https://openalex.org/W4240703725","https://openalex.org/W381496026"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,24,68,157],"study":[1],"the":[2,32,48,74,85,194,213],"market":[3],"for":[4,55],"fake":[5,38,79,126,138,166,178,205,221],"product":[6,119],"reviews":[7,11,39,51,80,127,139,153,172,179,206,217,222,245],"on":[8,19,27,47,53,95,118,180],"Amazon.com.":[9],"These":[10],"are":[12,134,148,223,231],"purchased":[13],"in":[14,187],"large":[15,43,242],"private":[16],"internet":[17],"groups":[18],"Facebook":[20,181],"and":[21,40,50,65,76,83,104,122,142,173,190,212,230,233,246],"other":[22],"sites.":[23],"hand-collect":[25],"data":[26,46,71,117],"these":[28,56,133],"markets":[29],"to":[30,72,81,87,140,154,183],"characterize":[31],"types":[33],"of":[34,45,78,113,163,215,244],"products":[35,136,150,164,169,229],"that":[36,151,159,239],"buy":[37,125],"then":[41],"collect":[42],"amounts":[44],"ratings":[49,209],"posted":[52],"Amazon":[54,240],"products,":[57],"as":[58,60,109],"well":[59],"their":[61,207,249],"sales":[62,191],"rank,":[63,192],"advertising,":[64],"pricing":[66],"behavior.":[67],"use":[69],"this":[70],"assess":[73],"costs":[75],"benefits":[77],"sellers":[82],"evaluate":[84],"degree":[86],"which":[88],"they":[89,101,107,124,147],"harm":[90,102,143],"consumers.":[91,235],"The":[92],"theoretical":[93],"literature":[94],"review":[96],"fraud":[97],"shows":[98],"conditions":[99,105],"when":[100],"consumers":[103,144],"where":[106],"function":[108],"simply":[110],"another":[111],"type":[112],"advertising.":[114],"Using":[115],"detailed":[116],"outcomes":[120],"before":[121],"after":[123,197],"we":[128,237,247],"can":[129],"directly":[130],"determine":[131],"if":[132,146],"low-quality":[135],"using":[137],"deceive":[141],"or":[145],"high-quality":[149],"solicit":[152],"establish":[155],"reputations.":[156],"find":[158],"a":[160,184],"wide":[161],"array":[162],"purchase":[165],"reviews,":[167],"including":[168],"with":[170],"many":[171],"high":[174],"average":[175,188,208],"ratings.":[176],"Buying":[177],"leads":[182],"significant":[185],"increase":[186],"rating":[189],"but":[193],"effect":[195],"disappears":[196],"roughly":[198],"one":[199],"month.":[200],"After":[201],"firms":[202],"stop":[203],"buying":[204],"fall":[210],"significantly":[211],"share":[214],"one-star":[216],"increases":[218],"significantly,":[219],"indicating":[220],"mostly":[224],"used":[225],"by":[226],"low":[227],"quality":[228],"deceiving":[232],"harming":[234],"Finally,":[236],"observe":[238],"deletes":[241],"numbers":[243],"document":[248],"deletion":[250],"policy.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}