{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3132204264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3465084.3467930","title":"Embedding a Deterministic BFT Protocol in a Block DAG","display_name":"Embedding a Deterministic BFT Protocol in a Block DAG","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3132204264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3465084.3467930","mag":"3132204264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3465084.3467930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3465084.3467930","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.09594","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038964988","display_name":"Maria A. Schett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2919-5983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria A. Schett","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033480395","display_name":"George Danezis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Danezis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5176,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82771958,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"177","last_page":"186"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liveness","display_name":"Liveness","score":0.9077576398849487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7884155511856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6943560838699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.6466677188873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5508739948272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5330575704574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5238556861877441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5040923357009888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.4633404016494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.33514365553855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.32535913586616516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18393737077713013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.08515763282775879}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15569618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3561421","display_name":"Liveness","level":2,"score":0.9077576398849487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7884155511856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6943560838699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6466677188873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5508739948272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5330575704574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5238556861877441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5040923357009888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.4633404016494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.33514365553855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.32535913586616516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18393737077713013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.08515763282775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3465084.3467930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3465084.3467930","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2102.09594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.09594","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.09594","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10133256","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10133256/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"     In:  PODC'21: Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing.  (pp. pp. 177-186).  ACM (2021)     ","raw_type":"Proceedings paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2102.09594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.09594","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.09594","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1641431731","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R006865/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532829354","https://openalex.org/W1660562555","https://openalex.org/W1794148987","https://openalex.org/W1892798954","https://openalex.org/W2003214215","https://openalex.org/W2035362408","https://openalex.org/W2116021422","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2891076645","https://openalex.org/W2952896880","https://openalex.org/W2959167811","https://openalex.org/W2981692198","https://openalex.org/W3096269614","https://openalex.org/W3097943576","https://openalex.org/W3098607179","https://openalex.org/W3106855293","https://openalex.org/W3112273162","https://openalex.org/W3126824828","https://openalex.org/W3132204264","https://openalex.org/W3137220996","https://openalex.org/W3164835913","https://openalex.org/W3185672164","https://openalex.org/W3185983464","https://openalex.org/W4300349690"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565271071","https://openalex.org/W2081199208","https://openalex.org/W3349016","https://openalex.org/W3160870209","https://openalex.org/W2494011163","https://openalex.org/W2053262709","https://openalex.org/W2139648957","https://openalex.org/W1481041875","https://openalex.org/W2391970076","https://openalex.org/W10278191"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"formalizes":[2],"the":[3,72],"structure":[4],"and":[5,61],"protocols":[6],"underlying":[7],"recent":[8],"distributed":[9],"systems":[10],"leveraging":[11],"block":[12,44,76],"DAGs,":[13],"which":[14],"are":[15],"essentially":[16],"encoding":[17],"Lamport's":[18],"happened-before":[19],"relations":[20],"between":[21,49,86],"blocks,":[22],"as":[23,80],"their":[24],"core":[25],"network":[26],"primitives.":[27],"We":[28],"then":[29],"present":[30],"an":[31,81],"embedding":[32,57],"of":[33,64,88],"any":[34],"deterministic":[35],"Byzantine":[36],"fault":[37],"tolerant":[38],"protocol":[39],"\u2118":[40,89,93],"to":[41],"employ":[42],"a":[43,75],"DAG":[45,77],"for":[46,94],"interpreting":[47],"interactions":[48],"servers.":[50],"Our":[51],"main":[52],"theorem":[53,68],"proves":[54],"that":[55,74],"this":[56],"maintains":[58],"all":[59],"safety":[60],"liveness":[62],"properties":[63],"\u2118.":[65],"Technically,":[66],"our":[67],"is":[69],"based":[70],"on":[71],"insight":[73],"merely":[78],"acts":[79],"efficient":[82,95],"reliable":[83],"point-to-point":[84],"channel":[85],"instances":[87],"while":[90],"also":[91],"using":[92],"message":[96],"compression.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
