{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3186237585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3462757.3466103","title":"To tune or not to tune?","display_name":"To tune or not to tune?","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3186237585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3462757.3466103","mag":"3186237585"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3462757.3466103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3462757.3466103","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.03120","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014177747","display_name":"Guilherme Moraes Rosa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181391015","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wffgt70","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guilherme Moraes Rosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["NeuralMind, Brazil and University of Campinas (Unicamp), Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NeuralMind, Brazil and University of Campinas (Unicamp), Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085805198","display_name":"Ruan Chaves Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7106-1490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68106152","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s","ror":"https://ror.org/0039d5757","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68106152"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruan Chaves Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["NeuralMind, Brazil and Federal University of Goi\u00e1s (UFG), Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NeuralMind, Brazil and Federal University of Goi\u00e1s (UFG), Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68106152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087970571","display_name":"Roberto Lotufo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5652-0852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181391015","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wffgt70","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto de Alencar Lotufo","raw_affiliation_strings":["NeuralMind, Brazil and University of Campinas (Unicamp), Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NeuralMind, Brazil and University of Campinas (Unicamp), Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030647281","display_name":"Rodrigo Nogueira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2600-6035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181391015","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wffgt70","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["BR","CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodrigo Nogueira","raw_affiliation_strings":["NeuralMind, Brazil and University of Campinas (Unicamp), Brazil and University of Waterloo, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NeuralMind, Brazil and University of Campinas (Unicamp), Brazil and University of Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015","https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014177747"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.84,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78635288,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"295","last_page":"300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9240000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8346152305603027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.754542350769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/textual-entailment","display_name":"Textual entailment","score":0.701723039150238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.6901984810829163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6781400442123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.6332322359085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.6228319406509399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6218791604042053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6210139989852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5923129320144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labeled-data","display_name":"Labeled data","score":0.5356099009513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","score":0.4674573540687561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4436364471912384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-consequence","display_name":"Logical consequence","score":0.3233596682548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12457051873207092}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8346152305603027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.754542350769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95318506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6588467","display_name":"Textual entailment","level":3,"score":0.701723039150238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6901984810829163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6781400442123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.6332322359085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.6228319406509399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6218791604042053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6210139989852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5923129320144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.5356099009513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4674573540687561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4436364471912384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134752490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374182","display_name":"Logical consequence","level":2,"score":0.3233596682548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12457051873207092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3462757.3466103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3462757.3466103","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2202.03120","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2202.03120","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.03120","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2202.03120","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2202.03120","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.03120","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W159389352","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W2211192759","https://openalex.org/W2858159822","https://openalex.org/W2892181857","https://openalex.org/W2895996648","https://openalex.org/W2896257747","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2903938540","https://openalex.org/W2951534261","https://openalex.org/W2963105309","https://openalex.org/W2970200208","https://openalex.org/W2970352191","https://openalex.org/W2971874326","https://openalex.org/W2979574685","https://openalex.org/W2981852735","https://openalex.org/W2983841094","https://openalex.org/W2998733856","https://openalex.org/W3007759824","https://openalex.org/W3034709122","https://openalex.org/W3034999214","https://openalex.org/W3035668167","https://openalex.org/W3039677769","https://openalex.org/W3086962592","https://openalex.org/W3093570284","https://openalex.org/W3094446431","https://openalex.org/W3099655892","https://openalex.org/W3100107515","https://openalex.org/W3100124407","https://openalex.org/W3102127365","https://openalex.org/W3104215796","https://openalex.org/W3106268368","https://openalex.org/W3115195983","https://openalex.org/W3122890974","https://openalex.org/W3126074026","https://openalex.org/W3133024802","https://openalex.org/W3134665270","https://openalex.org/W3136275640","https://openalex.org/W3147292006","https://openalex.org/W3153427360","https://openalex.org/W3156808437","https://openalex.org/W3166396011","https://openalex.org/W3175102705","https://openalex.org/W3176798136","https://openalex.org/W3199624848","https://openalex.org/W4206214875","https://openalex.org/W4287207977","https://openalex.org/W4287623114","https://openalex.org/W4287671529","https://openalex.org/W4288089799","https://openalex.org/W4292779060","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4385245566"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169644218","https://openalex.org/W12963412","https://openalex.org/W2250460949","https://openalex.org/W3158371345","https://openalex.org/W3141423438","https://openalex.org/W2071098659","https://openalex.org/W2627035043","https://openalex.org/W4385571113","https://openalex.org/W2937401546","https://openalex.org/W3030695269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"has":[1],"been":[2],"mounting":[3],"evidence":[4],"that":[5],"pretrained":[6,90],"language":[7,91],"models":[8,55,97,118],"fine-tuned":[9,119],"on":[10,120],"large":[11],"and":[12],"diverse":[13],"supervised":[14],"datasets":[15],"can":[16,107],"transfer":[17,31],"well":[18],"to":[19,33,59,103,111],"a":[20,82],"variety":[21],"of":[22,47,89],"out-of-domain":[23],"tasks.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26,30],"work,":[27],"we":[28,39,52],"investigate":[29],"ability":[32],"the":[34,42,60,66,70,86,104,114],"legal":[35,43],"domain.":[36,62],"For":[37],"that,":[38],"participated":[40],"in":[41,50,85,113],"case":[44],"entailment":[45],"task":[46,106],"COLIEE":[48],"2021,":[49],"which":[51],"use":[53],"such":[54],"with":[56,98],"no":[57,101],"adaptations":[58],"target":[61,105],"Our":[63,79],"submissions":[64],"achieved":[65],"highest":[67],"scores,":[68],"surpassing":[69],"second-best":[71],"submission":[72],"by":[73],"more":[74,109],"than":[75,117],"six":[76],"percentage":[77],"points.":[78],"experiments":[80],"confirm":[81],"counter-intuitive":[83],"result":[84],"new":[87],"paradigm":[88],"models:":[92],"given":[93],"limited":[94],"labeled":[95],"data,":[96],"little":[99],"or":[100],"adaption":[102],"be":[108],"robust":[110],"changes":[112],"data":[115],"distribution":[116],"it.":[121],"Code":[122],"is":[123],"available":[124],"at":[125],"https://github.com/neuralmind-ai/coliee.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2021-08-02T00:00:00"}