{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3185172325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3462757.3466100","title":"From data to information","display_name":"From data to information","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3185172325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3462757.3466100","mag":"3185172325"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3462757.3466100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3462757.3466100","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036159800","display_name":"Andrew Paley","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Paley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110929348","display_name":"Andong Luis Li Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andong L. Li Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072066579","display_name":"Harper Pack","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harper Pack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033224240","display_name":"Sergio Servantez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8294-0279"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Servantez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032759533","display_name":"Rachel F. Adler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0462-5716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27639287","display_name":"Northeastern Illinois University","ror":"https://ror.org/04edns687","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27639287"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel F. Adler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern Illinois University and Northwestern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern Illinois University and Northwestern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27639287","https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087714040","display_name":"Marko Sterbentz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marko Sterbentz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084313902","display_name":"Adam R. Pah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-0774"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Pah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101427594","display_name":"David L. Schwartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8744-7849"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Schwartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064453953","display_name":"Cameron Barrie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0179-006X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cameron Barrie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025122096","display_name":"Alexander Einarsson","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Einarsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114000097","display_name":"Kristian J. Hammond","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristian Hammond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036159800"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.016,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94387585,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"119","last_page":"128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.963100016117096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7022571563720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.5016186237335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upload","display_name":"Upload","score":0.48283299803733826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.43781083822250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-domain","display_name":"Public domain","score":0.42944806814193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.358461856842041}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7022571563720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5016186237335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.48283299803733826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.43781083822250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512654426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19652","display_name":"Public domain","level":2,"score":0.42944806814193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.358461856842041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3462757.3466100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3462757.3466100","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1054973073","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1937123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W172711948","https://openalex.org/W1549064707","https://openalex.org/W1564331773","https://openalex.org/W1979263599","https://openalex.org/W2032191478","https://openalex.org/W2086511124","https://openalex.org/W2152922709","https://openalex.org/W2167435923","https://openalex.org/W2206400781","https://openalex.org/W2485821267","https://openalex.org/W2508547574","https://openalex.org/W2536574992","https://openalex.org/W2610226709","https://openalex.org/W2778670458","https://openalex.org/W2795274753","https://openalex.org/W2803488104","https://openalex.org/W2890861023","https://openalex.org/W2894256076","https://openalex.org/W2901954227","https://openalex.org/W2950681488","https://openalex.org/W2953657451","https://openalex.org/W2963524705","https://openalex.org/W2963594477","https://openalex.org/W2963748441","https://openalex.org/W2963956191","https://openalex.org/W2964230523","https://openalex.org/W2981391888","https://openalex.org/W3000642371","https://openalex.org/W3016828850","https://openalex.org/W3041387580","https://openalex.org/W3046744391","https://openalex.org/W3083683925","https://openalex.org/W3086973390","https://openalex.org/W3103834769","https://openalex.org/W3122180996","https://openalex.org/W3123967840"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2944823289","https://openalex.org/W3037018281","https://openalex.org/W2003209439","https://openalex.org/W4321854979","https://openalex.org/W2358319515","https://openalex.org/W2972592048","https://openalex.org/W4312214821","https://openalex.org/W2497626292","https://openalex.org/W1992952236"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,186],"U.S.":[1,65,210],"court":[2,66,212],"system":[3,187],"is":[4,58,87,188],"the":[5,12,19,27,31,44,49,93,107,143,202,209,219,225,232],"nation's":[6],"arbiter":[7],"of":[8,14,30,43,51,204,224,234],"justice,":[9],"tasked":[10],"with":[11,142,241],"responsibility":[13],"ensuring":[15],"equal":[16],"protection":[17],"under":[18],"law.":[20],"But":[21,76],"hurdles":[22],"to":[23,39,110,122,146,167,170,201],"information":[24],"access":[25,62],"obscure":[26],"inner":[28],"workings":[29],"system,":[32],"preventing":[33],"stakeholders":[34],"-":[35,46],"from":[36,47,208],"legal":[37],"scholars":[38],"journalists":[40],"and":[41,71,105,136,149,176,179,196,222],"members":[42],"public":[45,69],"understanding":[48],"state":[50],"justice":[52],"in":[53,190,231],"America":[54],"at":[55],"scale.":[56],"There":[57],"an":[59,159,242],"ongoing":[60],"data":[61,70,78,148,165,207],"argument":[63],"here:":[64],"records":[67],"are":[68],"should":[72],"be":[73],"freely":[74],"available.":[75],"open":[77,88],"arguments":[79],"represent":[80],"a":[81,97,101,111,133,191],"half-measure;":[82],"what":[83],"we":[84,131,197,215],"really":[85],"need":[86],"information.":[89],"This":[90],"distinction":[91],"marks":[92],"difference":[94],"between":[95],"downloading":[96],"zip":[98],"file":[99],"containing":[100],"quarter-million":[102],"case":[103,205],"dockets":[104,226],"getting":[106],"real-time":[108],"answer":[109],"question":[112],"like":[113],"\"Are":[114],"pro":[115],"se":[116],"parties":[117],"more":[118],"or":[119,184],"less":[120],"likely":[121],"receive":[123],"fee":[124],"waivers?\"":[125],"To":[126],"help":[127],"bridge":[128],"that":[129,139,162],"gap,":[130],"introduce":[132],"novel":[134],"platform":[135],"user":[137,174,194],"experience":[138],"provides":[140],"users":[141],"tools":[144],"necessary":[145],"explore":[147],"drive":[150],"analysis":[151,180],"via":[152],"natural":[153],"language":[154,235],"statements.":[155],"Our":[156],"approach":[157,200],"leverages":[158],"ontology":[160],"configuration":[161],"adds":[163],"domain-relevant":[164],"semantics":[166],"database":[168],"schemas":[169],"provide":[171,216],"support":[172],"for":[173,177,237],"guidance":[175],"search":[178],"without":[181],"user-entered":[182],"code":[183],"SQL.":[185],"embodied":[189],"\"natural-language":[192],"notebook\"":[193],"experience,":[195],"apply":[198],"this":[199],"space":[203],"docket":[206,238],"federal":[211],"system.":[213],"Additionally,":[214],"detail":[217],"on":[218,245],"collection,":[220],"ingestion":[221],"processing":[223],"themselves,":[227],"including":[228],"early":[229],"experiments":[230],"use":[233],"modeling":[236],"entry":[239],"classification":[240],"initial":[243],"focus":[244],"motions.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
