{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3173594254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3462757.3466092","title":"Incorporating domain knowledge for extractive summarization of legal case documents","display_name":"Incorporating domain knowledge for extractive summarization of legal case documents","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3173594254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3462757.3466092","mag":"3173594254"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3462757.3466092","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3462757.3466092","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.15876","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073904315","display_name":"Paheli Bhattacharya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8412-8161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paheli Bhattacharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIT Kharagpur, India","[IIT, Kharagpur, India]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIT Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[IIT, Kharagpur, India]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024503972","display_name":"Soham Poddar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8996-2235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soham Poddar","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIT Kharagpur, India","[IIT, Kharagpur, India]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIT Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[IIT, Kharagpur, India]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071792143","display_name":"Koustav Rudra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2486-7608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koustav Rudra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082286441","display_name":"Kripabandhu Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8130-1221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127439422","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata","ror":"https://ror.org/00djv2c17","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127439422"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kripabandhu Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["IISER, Kolkata, India","IISER-Kolkata, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IISER, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127439422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IISER-Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127439422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073748464","display_name":"Saptarshi Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2306-300X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saptarshi Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIT Kharagpur, India","[IIT, Kharagpur, India]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIT Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[IIT, Kharagpur, India]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073904315"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5599,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72795883,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"22","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-summarization","display_name":"Automatic summarization","score":0.9885095953941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8187211751937866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6529542803764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-document-summarization","display_name":"Multi-document summarization","score":0.6438501477241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-document","display_name":"Legal document","score":0.5680662393569946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-case","display_name":"Legal case","score":0.5227327942848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5179421305656433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47702667117118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4092060327529907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3676641881465912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07134079933166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.05982324481010437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170858558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394144","display_name":"Automatic summarization","level":2,"score":0.9885095953941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8187211751937866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6529542803764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134714966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934448","display_name":"Multi-document summarization","level":3,"score":0.6438501477241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993995455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150005","display_name":"Legal document","level":2,"score":0.5680662393569946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2334719","display_name":"Legal case","level":2,"score":0.5227327942848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5179421305656433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47702667117118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4092060327529907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3676641881465912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07134079933166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.05982324481010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3462757.3466092","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3462757.3466092","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2106.15876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.15876","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.15876","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3173594254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/2106.15876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2106.15876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2106.15876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2106.15876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.15876","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.15876","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313903","display_name":"Tata Consultancy Services","ror":"https://ror.org/01b9n8m42"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338075","display_name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3173594254.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3173594254.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491976427","https://openalex.org/W1964326564","https://openalex.org/W1967082914","https://openalex.org/W1974339500","https://openalex.org/W2108664951","https://openalex.org/W2229933820","https://openalex.org/W2239203031","https://openalex.org/W2307381258","https://openalex.org/W2574535369","https://openalex.org/W2575845411","https://openalex.org/W2796804544","https://openalex.org/W2811358523","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2932110532","https://openalex.org/W2963095557","https://openalex.org/W2964051087","https://openalex.org/W2970263339","https://openalex.org/W2970419734","https://openalex.org/W3004101004","https://openalex.org/W3004401798","https://openalex.org/W3101913037","https://openalex.org/W3116972344","https://openalex.org/W6785421358"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3144879261","https://openalex.org/W3120018772","https://openalex.org/W2994033896","https://openalex.org/W3102561203","https://openalex.org/W2902501608","https://openalex.org/W3127274523","https://openalex.org/W2572926935","https://openalex.org/W2015511396","https://openalex.org/W2359511970","https://openalex.org/W2251331871","https://openalex.org/W2096264705","https://openalex.org/W2996845475","https://openalex.org/W2571974409","https://openalex.org/W3047620747","https://openalex.org/W2994088922","https://openalex.org/W2883616768","https://openalex.org/W2770856992","https://openalex.org/W2280475815","https://openalex.org/W2964089330","https://openalex.org/W2798080783"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"summarization":[1,17,71,120,137],"of":[2,39,114,144],"legal":[3,34,59,82],"case":[4,35,60,93],"documents":[5,94],"is":[6,75,131],"an":[7,69,85],"important":[8],"and":[9,122],"practical":[10],"challenge.":[11],"Apart":[12],"from":[13,81,95],"many":[14],"domain-independent":[15],"text":[16],"algorithms":[18,27,42,121],"that":[19,49,103,139],"can":[20],"be":[21,55],"used":[22],"for":[23,32],"this":[24,65],"purpose,":[25],"several":[26,109,135],"have":[28],"been":[29],"developed":[30],"specifically":[31],"summarizing":[33],"documents.":[36],"However,":[37],"most":[38],"the":[40,96],"existing":[41],"do":[43],"not":[44],"systematically":[45,78],"incorporate":[46,79],"domain":[47],"knowledge":[48],"specifies":[50],"what":[51],"information":[52],"should":[53],"ideally":[54],"present":[56],"in":[57,112],"a":[58],"document":[61],"summary.":[62],"To":[63],"address":[64],"gap,":[66],"we":[67],"propose":[68],"unsupervised":[70,106],"algorithm":[72,130],"DELSumm":[73],"which":[74],"designed":[76],"to":[77],"guidelines":[80],"experts":[83],"into":[84],"optimization":[86],"setup.":[87],"We":[88],"conduct":[89],"detailed":[90],"experiments":[91,101],"over":[92,142],"Indian":[97],"Supreme":[98],"Court.":[99],"The":[100],"show":[102],"our":[104,128],"proposed":[105,129],"method":[107],"outperforms":[108,134],"strong":[110],"baselines":[111],"terms":[113],"ROUGE":[115],"scores,":[116],"including":[117],"both":[118],"general":[119],"legal-specific":[123],"ones.":[124],"In":[125],"fact,":[126],"though":[127],"unsupervised,":[132],"it":[133],"supervised":[136],"models":[138],"are":[140],"trained":[141],"thousands":[143],"document-summary":[145],"pairs.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
