{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3184406703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3462757.3466087","title":"Anonymization of german legal court rulings","display_name":"Anonymization of german legal court rulings","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3184406703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3462757.3466087","mag":"3184406703"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3462757.3466087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3462757.3466087","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085374141","display_name":"Ingo Glaser","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ingo Glaser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007048866","display_name":"Tom Schamberger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Schamberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022973212","display_name":"Florian Matthes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6667-5452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian Matthes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085374141"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.032,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97156133,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"205","last_page":"209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14012","display_name":"Comparative and International Law Studies","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7523177862167358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.7226642370223999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german","display_name":"German","score":0.7178835868835449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6811344623565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5772275328636169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5368028283119202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5105012655258179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.47527876496315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-sensitivity","display_name":"Information sensitivity","score":0.45959270000457764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.45856818556785583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.45145002007484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/court-decision","display_name":"Court decision","score":0.4342501759529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.42920973896980286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.40669146180152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3646237850189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34018030762672424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.33630743622779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3343300223350525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.14814898371696472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.14400658011436462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.07465866208076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07434526085853577}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7523177862167358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.7226642370223999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.7178835868835449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6811344623565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5772275328636169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5368028283119202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5105012655258179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.47527876496315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137822555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2587068","display_name":"Information sensitivity","level":2,"score":0.45959270000457764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.45856818556785583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.45145002007484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019456619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3769186","display_name":"Court decision","level":2,"score":0.4342501759529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.42920973896980286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.40669146180152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3646237850189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34018030762672424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33630743622779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3343300223350525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14814898371696472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.14400658011436462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.07465866208076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07434526085853577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3462757.3466087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3462757.3466087","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2116920598","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2758480492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W2378757965","https://openalex.org/W4230611425","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W4224903346","https://openalex.org/W4304166257","https://openalex.org/W2383043320","https://openalex.org/W4297973458","https://openalex.org/W2798648420"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,63,103],"legal":[2,5,72],"domain,":[3],"many":[4],"documents":[6],"such":[7],"as":[8,93,95,118],"court":[9,73],"decisions":[10,74],"and":[11,27,52,75],"contracts":[12],"are":[13,99],"regularly":[14],"anonymized.":[15],"This":[16,55],"process":[17,38],"requires":[18],"text":[19,68],"sequences":[20],"with":[21],"high":[22],"sensitivity":[23],"to":[24,29,111],"be":[25],"identified":[26],"neutralized":[28],"secure":[30],"sensitive":[31,67],"information":[32],"from":[33],"third":[34],"parties.":[35],"Usually,":[36],"this":[37,80],"is":[39,47,116],"performed":[40],"manually":[41],"by":[42],"trained":[43,96],"employees.":[44],"Therefore,":[45],"anonymization":[46],"generally":[48,89],"considered":[49],"an":[50,77,109],"expensive":[51],"inefficient":[53],"process.":[54],"work":[56],"proposes":[57],"a":[58],"machine":[59],"learning":[60],"approach":[61,110],"for":[62],"automatic":[64],"identification":[65],"of":[66,102,105],"elements":[69],"in":[70],"German":[71],"provides":[76],"implementation.":[78],"For":[79],"task,":[81],"different":[82],"deep":[83],"neural":[84],"network":[85],"architectures":[86],"based":[87],"on":[88],"pre-trained":[90],"contextual":[91],"embeddings":[92,98],"well":[94],"word":[97],"evaluated.":[100],"Because":[101],"lack":[104],"non-anonymized":[106],"data":[107,114],"sets,":[108],"create":[112],"pseudonymized":[113],"sets":[115],"proposed":[117],"well.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}