{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3174720104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462136","title":"Hydrogel-based DIY Underwater Morphing Artifacts","display_name":"Hydrogel-based DIY Underwater Morphing Artifacts","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3174720104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462136","mag":"3174720104"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3461778.3462136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462136","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3461778.3462136","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3461778.3462136","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090659707","display_name":"Harshika Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6526-3424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harshika Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University Human Computer Interaction Institute, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University Human Computer Interaction Institute, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062618961","display_name":"Kexin Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kexin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University Human-Computer Interaction Institute, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University Human-Computer Interaction Institute, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052051114","display_name":"Lining Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8842-2317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lining Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University Human-Computer Interaction Institute, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University Human-Computer Interaction Institute, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.5516,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99338038,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1242","last_page":"1252"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphing","display_name":"Morphing","score":0.988612174987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6783750057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.6145663857460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tile","display_name":"Tile","score":0.5334888696670532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5035435557365417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bending","display_name":"Bending","score":0.4515574872493744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.4507770240306854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-drawing","display_name":"Engineering drawing","score":0.33408409357070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3015040159225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.2866159677505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.17029523849487305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16738423705101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09550800919532776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50637493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136781","display_name":"Morphing","level":2,"score":0.988612174987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6783750057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.6145663857460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780728851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468402","display_name":"Tile","level":2,"score":0.5334888696670532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5035435557365417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87210426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072476","display_name":"Bending","level":2,"score":0.4515574872493744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.4507770240306854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.33408409357070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3015040159225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.2866159677505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.17029523849487305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16738423705101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09550800919532776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3461778.3462136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462136","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3461778.3462136","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3461778.3462136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462136","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3461778.3462136","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G397661811","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-2017008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5244515568","display_name":"Fostering Aptitudes, Attitudes and Aspirations of Girls in STEM Through 4D Printing of Robotic Materials","funder_award_id":"2017008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3174720104.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3174720104.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W195777219","https://openalex.org/W1977913343","https://openalex.org/W1985997303","https://openalex.org/W1989906606","https://openalex.org/W2007902812","https://openalex.org/W2008156858","https://openalex.org/W2018196886","https://openalex.org/W2024306244","https://openalex.org/W2082107757","https://openalex.org/W2098568698","https://openalex.org/W2142968916","https://openalex.org/W2150549828","https://openalex.org/W2226638727","https://openalex.org/W2266720690","https://openalex.org/W2346996780","https://openalex.org/W2533696851","https://openalex.org/W2591936458","https://openalex.org/W2610794929","https://openalex.org/W2610863702","https://openalex.org/W2738757214","https://openalex.org/W2754083839","https://openalex.org/W2766732199","https://openalex.org/W2795511690","https://openalex.org/W2795759313","https://openalex.org/W2795979476","https://openalex.org/W2891132044","https://openalex.org/W2896631696","https://openalex.org/W2896838232","https://openalex.org/W2897109285","https://openalex.org/W2941984484","https://openalex.org/W2942318203","https://openalex.org/W2942398060","https://openalex.org/W2977980228","https://openalex.org/W2980386556","https://openalex.org/W3004855938","https://openalex.org/W3005116031","https://openalex.org/W3031363488","https://openalex.org/W4286774641","https://openalex.org/W4300093098"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1679315481","https://openalex.org/W3151495635","https://openalex.org/W4385170164","https://openalex.org/W4236870338","https://openalex.org/W2016917053","https://openalex.org/W1580681114","https://openalex.org/W51472912","https://openalex.org/W4362722828","https://openalex.org/W2375652671","https://openalex.org/W2114959296"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hydrogels":[0],"are":[1],"versatile":[2],"morphing":[3,35,55,69,133],"materials":[4],"that":[5,71],"have":[6],"recently":[7],"been":[8],"adopted":[9],"for":[10,25,46,97],"creating":[11,98],"shape-changing":[12,16],"interfaces.":[13],"However,":[14],"most":[15],"interfaces":[17],"require":[18],"advanced":[19],"material":[20],"synthesis,":[21],"specialized":[22],"lab":[23],"settings":[24],"fabrication,":[26],"and":[27,57,113,116,130],"technical":[28],"knowledge":[29],"is":[30],"needed":[31],"to":[32,49,58,84],"simulate":[33],"their":[34,60,86],"behavior.":[36],"To":[37],"replicate":[38],"such":[39],"structures,":[40],"these":[41],"factors":[42],"become":[43],"a":[44,67,81,99,105],"barrier":[45],"makers.":[47],"Therefore,":[48],"democratize":[50],"the":[51,73,92,101,121],"creation":[52],"of":[53,103],"hydrogel-based":[54],"artifacts":[56,118],"extend":[59],"design":[61,129],"space":[62],"in":[63],"HCI,":[64],"we":[65],"propose":[66],"water-triggered":[68],"mechanism":[70],"utilizes":[72],"distance":[74],"between":[75],"adjacent":[76],"hydrogel":[77],"beads":[78],"adhered":[79],"on":[80],"thin":[82],"substrate":[83],"control":[85],"bending":[87,93],"angle.":[88],"This":[89],"paper":[90],"describes":[91],"angle":[94],"quantification":[95],"experiments":[96],"simulator,":[100],"process":[102],"developing":[104],"computational":[106],"tool":[107],"along":[108],"with":[109,120],"its":[110],"user-friendly":[111],"workflow":[112],"demonstrates":[114],"kirigami":[115],"branch-based":[117],"built":[119],"tool.":[122],"Using":[123],"our":[124],"method,":[125],"anyone":[126],"can":[127],"easily":[128],"fabricate":[131],"custom":[132],"structures.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}