{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3176285151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462098","title":"Portalware: Exploring Free-Hand AR Drawing with a Dual-Display Smartphone-Wearable Paradigm","display_name":"Portalware: Exploring Free-Hand AR Drawing with a Dual-Display Smartphone-Wearable Paradigm","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3176285151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462098","mag":"3176285151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3461778.3462098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462098","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3461778.3462098","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3461778.3462098","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058266453","display_name":"Jing Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5517-3035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, Providence RI, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, Providence RI, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059747729","display_name":"Tongyu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4003-518X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongyu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, Providence RI, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, Providence RI, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050192240","display_name":"Meredith Young-Ng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meredith Young-Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, Providence RI, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, Providence RI, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089941596","display_name":"Jiaju Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2880-8506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaju Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, Providence RI, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, Providence RI, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050782212","display_name":"Angel Cheung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angel Cheung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, Providence RI, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, Providence RI, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100460306","display_name":"Xiangyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8344-718X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, Providence RI, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, Providence RI, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014183323","display_name":"Ian Gonsher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Gonsher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, Providence RI, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, Providence RI, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052381120","display_name":"Jeff Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3453-5666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeff Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, Providence RI, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, Providence RI, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058266453"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0683,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79061203,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"205","last_page":"219"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.8639230728149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.7373003959655762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7158313393592834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.6403040289878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.5305547714233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.48822811245918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.4847416579723358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.4776226878166199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/display-device","display_name":"Display device","score":0.4732656478881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.4294635057449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.42511826753616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/display-size","display_name":"Display size","score":0.4177930951118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.392605185508728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.36231520771980286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.09707498550415039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08049428462982178}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.8639230728149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.7373003959655762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7158313393592834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.6403040289878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.5305547714233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.48822811245918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.4847416579723358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4776226878166199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164597639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327065","display_name":"Display device","level":2,"score":0.4732656478881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.4294635057449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42511826753616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170003942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861066","display_name":"Display size","level":3,"score":0.4177930951118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.392605185508728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.36231520771980286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.09707498550415039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08049428462982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3461778.3462098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462098","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3461778.3462098","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3461778.3462098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462098","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3461778.3462098","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1291400521","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1552663","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6159144427","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1552663","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3176285151.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3176285151.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12277636","https://openalex.org/W1512963162","https://openalex.org/W1522759461","https://openalex.org/W1766675207","https://openalex.org/W1965337002","https://openalex.org/W1975180801","https://openalex.org/W1976457887","https://openalex.org/W1981311685","https://openalex.org/W1983623559","https://openalex.org/W1990345952","https://openalex.org/W1996374213","https://openalex.org/W2006645772","https://openalex.org/W2021178794","https://openalex.org/W2021291149","https://openalex.org/W2030632886","https://openalex.org/W2046251924","https://openalex.org/W2051495970","https://openalex.org/W2052526906","https://openalex.org/W2072877413","https://openalex.org/W2077077829","https://openalex.org/W2078589050","https://openalex.org/W2091790974","https://openalex.org/W2093159594","https://openalex.org/W2109883720","https://openalex.org/W2124820153","https://openalex.org/W2125784200","https://openalex.org/W2136994117","https://openalex.org/W2147149886","https://openalex.org/W2148897436","https://openalex.org/W2150374398","https://openalex.org/W2153720732","https://openalex.org/W2346416376","https://openalex.org/W2395429780","https://openalex.org/W2536113665","https://openalex.org/W2573576647","https://openalex.org/W2593277945","https://openalex.org/W2604342324","https://openalex.org/W2608961144","https://openalex.org/W2611368871","https://openalex.org/W2611561499","https://openalex.org/W2751667834","https://openalex.org/W2765501460","https://openalex.org/W2777879899","https://openalex.org/W2786294449","https://openalex.org/W2795472713","https://openalex.org/W2798419178","https://openalex.org/W2808238027","https://openalex.org/W2808279335","https://openalex.org/W2897599273","https://openalex.org/W2898912179","https://openalex.org/W2903233845","https://openalex.org/W2940909959","https://openalex.org/W2941079125","https://openalex.org/W2941909295","https://openalex.org/W2943250818","https://openalex.org/W2968124275","https://openalex.org/W2981133675","https://openalex.org/W2985565722","https://openalex.org/W3013952602","https://openalex.org/W3014538539","https://openalex.org/W3025104467","https://openalex.org/W3028909176","https://openalex.org/W3029006481","https://openalex.org/W3029640333","https://openalex.org/W3031452968","https://openalex.org/W3032143210","https://openalex.org/W3032303943","https://openalex.org/W3042080800","https://openalex.org/W3102095216","https://openalex.org/W4234404140","https://openalex.org/W6925843163"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3090300519","https://openalex.org/W4250401876","https://openalex.org/W2943851981","https://openalex.org/W2095299560","https://openalex.org/W2907667791","https://openalex.org/W3047461507","https://openalex.org/W3126390843","https://openalex.org/W4245880644","https://openalex.org/W4312415459","https://openalex.org/W3083225868"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Free-hand":[0],"interaction":[1],"enables":[2,79],"users":[3],"to":[4,21,58,74,99],"directly":[5],"create":[6],"artistic":[7],"augmented":[8],"reality":[9,143],"content":[10,70],"using":[11],"a":[12,40,54,59,72,75],"smartphone,":[13],"but":[14],"lacks":[15],"natural":[16],"spatial":[17],"depth":[18,114],"information":[19],"due":[20],"the":[22,50,68,89,92,97,102,107,111,118,125,131,134],"small":[23],"2D":[24],"display\u2019s":[25],"limited":[26],"visual":[27],"feedback.":[28],"Through":[29],"an":[30],"autobiographical":[31],"design":[32,51],"process,":[33,47],"three":[34],"authors":[35,84,98],"explored":[36],"free-hand":[37,81,122],"drawing":[38],"over":[39],"total":[41],"of":[42,113,120,133],"14":[43],"weeks.":[44],"During":[45],"this":[46],"they":[48],"expanded":[49],"space":[52],"from":[53,71],"single-display":[55],"smartphone":[56,73,103],"format":[57,62],"dual-display":[60],"smartphone-wearable":[61],"(Portalware).":[63],"This":[64],"new":[65],"configuration":[66],"extends":[67,91],"virtual":[69],"wearable":[76,126],"display":[77,90],"and":[78,116,145],"multi-display":[80],"interactions.":[82],"The":[83],"documented":[85],"experiences":[86],"where":[87],"1)":[88],"smartphone\u2019s":[93],"canvas":[94],"perceptually,":[95],"allowing":[96],"work":[100],"beyond":[101],"screen":[104],"view;":[105],"2)":[106],"additional":[108],"perspective":[109],"mitigates":[110],"difficulties":[112],"perception":[115],"improves":[117],"usability":[119],"direct":[121],"manipulation;":[123],"3)":[124],"use":[127],"cases":[128],"depend":[129],"on":[130],"nature":[132],"drawing,":[135],"such":[136],"as:":[137],"replicating":[138],"physical":[139],"objects,":[140],"\u201cin-situ\u201d":[141],"mixed":[142],"pieces,":[144],"multi-planar":[146],"drawings.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
