{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3175009974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462068","title":"Co-Designing Interactions between Pedestrians in Wheelchairs and Autonomous Vehicles","display_name":"Co-Designing Interactions between Pedestrians in Wheelchairs and Autonomous Vehicles","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3175009974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462068","mag":"3175009974"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3461778.3462068","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462068","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009425324","display_name":"Ashratuz Zavin Asha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1799-0667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashratuz Zavin Asha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science University of Calgary, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science University of Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101483734","display_name":"Christopher Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3452-8149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012448092","display_name":"Georgina Freeman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0543-2649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgina Freeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Media Design University of Calgary, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Media Design University of Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043731187","display_name":"Sean Crump","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean Crump","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universal Access Inc., Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universal Access Inc., Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048244685","display_name":"Sowmya Somanath","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sowmya Somanath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science University of Victoria, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science University of Victoria, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089895616","display_name":"Lora Oehlberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7216-7895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lora Oehlberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044649257","display_name":"Ehud Sharlin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3881-2840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehud Sharlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science University of Calgary, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science University of Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8954,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9080208,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"339","last_page":"351"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14074","display_name":"Persona Design and Applications","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.8566986322402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheelchair","display_name":"Wheelchair","score":0.8385815620422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6604893803596497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6186679601669312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5529525279998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.5159578919410706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-design","display_name":"Universal design","score":0.4207462668418884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.38508331775665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3498819172382355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22699809074401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.11204442381858826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.8566986322402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781042323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191931","display_name":"Wheelchair","level":2,"score":0.8385815620422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6604893803596497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6186679601669312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5529525279998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5159578919410706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99527880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781118","display_name":"Universal design","level":2,"score":0.4207462668418884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.38508331775665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3498819172382355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22699809074401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.11204442381858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3461778.3462068","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462068","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1915491320","https://openalex.org/W1974746518","https://openalex.org/W1994877858","https://openalex.org/W2068244634","https://openalex.org/W2108758759","https://openalex.org/W2114705609","https://openalex.org/W2137045791","https://openalex.org/W2312313846","https://openalex.org/W2398965494","https://openalex.org/W2524115939","https://openalex.org/W2755808195","https://openalex.org/W2757876960","https://openalex.org/W2787405518","https://openalex.org/W2795538447","https://openalex.org/W2803299904","https://openalex.org/W2890958932","https://openalex.org/W2950578663","https://openalex.org/W2951176992","https://openalex.org/W2963697717","https://openalex.org/W2973459083","https://openalex.org/W2974832674","https://openalex.org/W2974871515","https://openalex.org/W2978875798","https://openalex.org/W2981405732","https://openalex.org/W3013330822","https://openalex.org/W3015931303","https://openalex.org/W3029469337","https://openalex.org/W3030149894","https://openalex.org/W3030867272","https://openalex.org/W3031314726","https://openalex.org/W3031349547","https://openalex.org/W3096503069","https://openalex.org/W3115759505","https://openalex.org/W4254088935"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883256816","https://openalex.org/W2171408034","https://openalex.org/W4378364071","https://openalex.org/W3003320923","https://openalex.org/W2399287283","https://openalex.org/W2106140982","https://openalex.org/W1998563140","https://openalex.org/W2152313554","https://openalex.org/W3212501559","https://openalex.org/W2163695145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,47,54,101,104,108,115],"near":[2],"future,":[3],"mixed":[4],"traffic":[5],"consisting":[6],"of":[7,46,49],"manual":[8],"and":[9,62,72,106,111,141],"autonomous":[10,139],"vehicles":[11,140],"(AVs)":[12],"will":[13,28],"be":[14,98],"common.":[15],"Questions":[16],"surrounding":[17],"how":[18],"vulnerable":[19,142],"road":[20,143],"users":[21],"such":[22],"as":[23,57],"pedestrians":[24],"in":[25,32],"wheelchairs":[26],"(PWs)":[27],"make":[29,82],"crossing":[30,84],"decisions":[31,85],"these":[33],"new":[34],"situations":[35],"are":[36],"underexplored.":[37],"We":[38],"conducted":[39],"a":[40,58,119],"remote":[41],"co-design":[42,116],"study":[43],"with":[44],"one":[45],"researchers":[48],"this":[50],"work":[51],"who":[52],"has":[53],"lived":[55],"experience":[56],"powered":[59],"wheelchair":[60],"user":[61],"applied":[63],"inclusive":[64,133],"design":[65,76,129],"practices.":[66],"This":[67],"allowed":[68],"us":[69],"to":[70,135],"identify":[71],"reflect":[73],"on":[74,100,103,107],"interface":[75],"ideas":[77],"that":[78,96],"can":[79,97],"help":[80],"PWs":[81],"safe":[83],"at":[86],"intersections.":[87],"Through":[88],"an":[89],"iterative":[90],"five-week":[91],"study,":[92],"we":[93,127],"implemented":[94],"interfaces":[95,134],"placed":[99],"vehicle,":[102],"wheelchair,":[105],"street":[109],"infrastructure":[110],"evaluated":[112],"them":[113],"during":[114],"sessions":[117],"using":[118],"VR":[120],"simulator":[121],"testbed.":[122],"Informed":[123],"by":[124],"our":[125],"findings,":[126],"discuss":[128],"insights":[130],"for":[131],"implementing":[132],"improve":[136],"interactions":[137],"between":[138],"users.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}