{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3155416788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462012","title":"Towards A Process Model for Co-Creating AI Experiences","display_name":"Towards A Process Model for Co-Creating AI Experiences","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3155416788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462012","mag":"3155416788"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3461778.3462012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462012","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.07595","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111056004","display_name":"Hariharan Subramonyam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111179","display_name":"Michigan United","ror":"https://ror.org/0291ys696","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hariharan Subramonyam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information University of Michigan, United States","School of Information, University of Michigan, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information University of Michigan, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, University of Michigan, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047153758","display_name":"Colleen M. Seifert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5889-5167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173708983","display_name":"Michigan School of Professional Psychology","ror":"https://ror.org/03c174j31","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173708983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111179","display_name":"Michigan United","ror":"https://ror.org/0291ys696","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colleen Seifert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychology U Michigan, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology U Michigan, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173708983","https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064931337","display_name":"Eytan Adar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1911-836X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111179","display_name":"Michigan United","ror":"https://ror.org/0291ys696","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eytan Adar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information University of Michigan, United States","School of Information, University of Michigan, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information University of Michigan, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, University of Michigan, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.129,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42490432,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1529","last_page":"1543"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10672","display_name":"Design Education and Practice","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6795138120651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-thinking","display_name":"Design thinking","score":0.655060887336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.635558009147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6011863946914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-design-process","display_name":"Engineering design process","score":0.5546337366104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.545036256313324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-process","display_name":"Design process","score":0.5032543540000916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4603756070137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3379535973072052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.33538123965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23974177241325378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-in-process","display_name":"Work in process","score":0.23855504393577576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2295987904071808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.07736220955848694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6795138120651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142778471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200670","display_name":"Design thinking","level":2,"score":0.655060887336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.635558009147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6011863946914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34972735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920267","display_name":"Engineering design process","level":2,"score":0.5546337366104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.545036256313324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48262172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16908765","display_name":"Design process","level":3,"score":0.5032543540000916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4603756070137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3379535973072052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.33538123965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23974177241325378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174998907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662","display_name":"Work in process","level":2,"score":0.23855504393577576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2295987904071808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07736220955848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3461778.3462012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462012","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2104.07595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.07595","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.07595","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3155416788","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.07595.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2104.07595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2104.07595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2104.07595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.07595","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.07595","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3155416788.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W86021146","https://openalex.org/W248023348","https://openalex.org/W627896906","https://openalex.org/W1483674998","https://openalex.org/W1573864481","https://openalex.org/W1606134612","https://openalex.org/W1728842521","https://openalex.org/W1966864622","https://openalex.org/W1972051027","https://openalex.org/W1990499091","https://openalex.org/W2013568563","https://openalex.org/W2029842876","https://openalex.org/W2033416447","https://openalex.org/W2046598747","https://openalex.org/W2053925648","https://openalex.org/W2054263556","https://openalex.org/W2054504098","https://openalex.org/W2073922057","https://openalex.org/W2088443712","https://openalex.org/W2090897071","https://openalex.org/W2091579301","https://openalex.org/W2115310639","https://openalex.org/W2118518941","https://openalex.org/W2120770784","https://openalex.org/W2126914038","https://openalex.org/W2133674686","https://openalex.org/W2134585351","https://openalex.org/W2143387514","https://openalex.org/W2150379466","https://openalex.org/W2154172389","https://openalex.org/W2168924105","https://openalex.org/W2171036849","https://openalex.org/W2217431333","https://openalex.org/W2294102697","https://openalex.org/W2552408584","https://openalex.org/W2584580687","https://openalex.org/W2611748211","https://openalex.org/W2686527015","https://openalex.org/W2714259754","https://openalex.org/W2754213847","https://openalex.org/W2788481061","https://openalex.org/W2790505917","https://openalex.org/W2795768019","https://openalex.org/W2796294902","https://openalex.org/W2796420488","https://openalex.org/W2808450727","https://openalex.org/W2888704590","https://openalex.org/W2897042519","https://openalex.org/W2898184137","https://openalex.org/W2902335711","https://openalex.org/W2902521978","https://openalex.org/W2911396267","https://openalex.org/W2912732633","https://openalex.org/W2916292150","https://openalex.org/W2916904544","https://openalex.org/W2922234936","https://openalex.org/W2933377349","https://openalex.org/W2938508218","https://openalex.org/W2942428211","https://openalex.org/W2942444880","https://openalex.org/W2942662004","https://openalex.org/W2946883218","https://openalex.org/W2953522645","https://openalex.org/W2967086780","https://openalex.org/W2971292544","https://openalex.org/W2972278312","https://openalex.org/W2973845200","https://openalex.org/W2980669002","https://openalex.org/W2986403156","https://openalex.org/W3023283491","https://openalex.org/W3032875465","https://openalex.org/W3039540048","https://openalex.org/W3047690188","https://openalex.org/W3048885648","https://openalex.org/W3088155791","https://openalex.org/W3099361686","https://openalex.org/W3103635814","https://openalex.org/W3104119924","https://openalex.org/W3119628700","https://openalex.org/W3156898904","https://openalex.org/W4241212529","https://openalex.org/W4288359825","https://openalex.org/W6682275428"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3176912817","https://openalex.org/W2240928836","https://openalex.org/W2166438298","https://openalex.org/W2949401252","https://openalex.org/W112418380","https://openalex.org/W2626838327","https://openalex.org/W2943684190","https://openalex.org/W2339796909","https://openalex.org/W2131837103","https://openalex.org/W2046769702","https://openalex.org/W2966874094","https://openalex.org/W2014406712","https://openalex.org/W2574414453","https://openalex.org/W2183192504","https://openalex.org/W2160785464","https://openalex.org/W2553747096","https://openalex.org/W2467015306","https://openalex.org/W2146820372","https://openalex.org/W1413742708","https://openalex.org/W2142407403"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thinking":[0],"of":[1,43,79,106],"technology":[2],"as":[3,29,41],"a":[4,30,73,92,134],"design":[5,26,74,86,121,126,142,150],"material":[6,62,123],"is":[7],"appealing.":[8],"It":[9],"encourages":[10],"designers":[11,49,80,102],"to":[12,17,24,58,112],"explore":[13],"the":[14,44,61,69,107],"material\u2019s":[15],"properties":[16,38],"understand":[18],"its":[19,37,64],"capabilities":[20],"and":[21,50,63,81,125,140],"limitations\u2014a":[22],"prerequisite":[23],"generative":[25],"thinking.":[27],"However,":[28],"material,":[31],"AI":[32,51,97,109,115],"resists":[33],"this":[34],"approach":[35],"because":[36],"only":[39],"emerge":[40],"part":[42],"user":[45,89],"experience":[46,110],"design.":[47],"Therefore,":[48],"engineers":[52],"must":[53],"collaborate":[54],"in":[55,95,148],"new":[56],"ways":[57],"create":[59],"both":[60],"application":[65],"experience.":[66],"We":[67,83],"investigate":[68],"co-creation":[70],"process":[71,135],"through":[72],"study":[75],"with":[76,88],"10":[77],"pairs":[78],"engineers.":[82],"find":[84],"that":[85],"\u2018probes\u2019":[87],"data":[90,100,146],"are":[91],"useful":[93],"tool":[94],"defining":[96],"materials.":[98],"Through":[99],"probes,":[101],"construct":[103],"designerly":[104],"representations":[105],"envisioned":[108],"(AIX)":[111],"identify":[113],"desirable":[114],"characteristics.":[116],"Data":[117],"probes":[118,147],"facilitate":[119],"divergent":[120],"thinking,":[122],"testing,":[124],"validation.":[127],"Based":[128],"on":[129],"our":[130],"findings,":[131],"we":[132],"propose":[133],"model":[136],"for":[137,144],"co-creating":[138],"AIX":[139,149],"offer":[141],"considerations":[143],"incorporating":[145],"tools.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T08:55:40.977307","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}