{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3193123312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461702.3462570","title":"AI Alignment and Human Reward","display_name":"AI Alignment and Human Reward","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3193123312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461702.3462570","mag":"3193123312"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3461702.3462570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461702.3462570","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082533134","display_name":"Patrick Butlin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5837-5057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Butlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["King's College London, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King's College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082533134"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3056,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78426685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"437","last_page":"445"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.9628000259399414,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6506747007369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6319068670272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.595765233039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5144322514533997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-values","display_name":"Human values","score":0.510076105594635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.4543634057044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.39573541283607483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.36492854356765747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.34262436628341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.30393674969673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.25858554244041443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2393799126148224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.20147961378097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.09178560972213745}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6506747007369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6319068670272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.595765233039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5144322514533997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988948121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194112","display_name":"Human values","level":2,"score":0.510076105594635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.4543634057044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.39573541283607483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.36492854356765747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.34262436628341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.30393674969673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25858554244041443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2393799126148224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.20147961378097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.09178560972213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3461702.3462570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461702.3462570","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:480d02e4-355d-4802-bba4-bcc6c585bce1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:480d02e4-355d-4802-bba4-bcc6c585bce1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symplectic Elements","raw_type":"Conference item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W355724390","https://openalex.org/W611764784","https://openalex.org/W1603857261","https://openalex.org/W1608391996","https://openalex.org/W1988699227","https://openalex.org/W1993091619","https://openalex.org/W2000483073","https://openalex.org/W2010558460","https://openalex.org/W2027771713","https://openalex.org/W2034806191","https://openalex.org/W2037413600","https://openalex.org/W2059151261","https://openalex.org/W2101524054","https://openalex.org/W2119998956","https://openalex.org/W2122722000","https://openalex.org/W2134427547","https://openalex.org/W2142671349","https://openalex.org/W2152838366","https://openalex.org/W2159830427","https://openalex.org/W2169429776","https://openalex.org/W2184339914","https://openalex.org/W2188721763","https://openalex.org/W2309755354","https://openalex.org/W2319689996","https://openalex.org/W2484231675","https://openalex.org/W2493601733","https://openalex.org/W2518664057","https://openalex.org/W2594526491","https://openalex.org/W2962937807","https://openalex.org/W2963168908","https://openalex.org/W2964175818","https://openalex.org/W2971592235","https://openalex.org/W3002093512","https://openalex.org/W3023856917","https://openalex.org/W3034344071","https://openalex.org/W3105871743","https://openalex.org/W3123965467","https://openalex.org/W3126022155","https://openalex.org/W3148233644","https://openalex.org/W4245403703","https://openalex.org/W4250771264","https://openalex.org/W4296154464"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W2373194990","https://openalex.org/W2348715630","https://openalex.org/W4220841213","https://openalex.org/W2367684198","https://openalex.org/W2360179575","https://openalex.org/W2359765604"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"According":[0],"to":[1,5,13,50,58,98,107,115],"a":[2],"prominent":[3],"approach":[4,53],"AI":[6,8,92,102],"alignment,":[7],"agents":[9,103],"should":[10,68,87],"be":[11,69,88],"built":[12],"learn":[14],"and":[15,30,35,132],"promote":[16],"human":[17,66,84,136],"values.":[18],"However,":[19],"humans":[20],"value":[21],"things":[22],"in":[23,39,135],"several":[24],"different":[25],"ways:":[26],"we":[27,37,42],"have":[28,44],"desires":[29],"preferences":[31],"of":[32,61,65,76,109],"various":[33,63],"kinds,":[34],"if":[36],"engage":[38],"reinforcement":[40],"learning,":[41],"also":[43,122],"reward":[45,85],"functions.":[46],"One":[47],"research":[48],"project":[49,78],"which":[51,60,104],"this":[52,77,110,126],"gives":[54],"rise":[55],"is":[56,95,121],"therefore":[57],"say":[59],"these":[62],"classes":[64],"values":[67,108],"promoted.":[70],"This":[71],"paper":[72],"takes":[73],"on":[74],"part":[75],"by":[79],"assessing":[80],"the":[81,89],"proposal":[82],"that":[83,100],"functions":[86],"target":[90],"for":[91],"alignment.":[93],"There":[94],"some":[96],"reason":[97],"believe":[99],"powerful":[101],"were":[105],"aligned":[106],"form":[111],"would":[112],"help":[113],"us":[114],"lead":[116],"good":[117],"lives,":[118],"but":[119],"there":[120],"considerable":[123],"uncertainty":[124],"about":[125],"claim,":[127],"arising":[128],"from":[129],"unresolved":[130],"empirical":[131],"conceptual":[133],"issues":[134],"psychology.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}