{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3149403622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461702.3462561","title":"Disparate Impact of Artificial Intelligence Bias in Ridehailing Economy's Price Discrimination Algorithms","display_name":"Disparate Impact of Artificial Intelligence Bias in Ridehailing Economy's Price Discrimination Algorithms","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3149403622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461702.3462561","mag":"3149403622"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3461702.3462561","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461702.3462561","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3461702.3462561","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3461702.3462561","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Akshat Pandey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Akshat Pandey","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Aylin Caliskan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aylin Caliskan","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Washington University and Institute for Data, Democracy &amp; Politics, Washington, DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Washington University and Institute for Data, Democracy &amp; Politics, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4273,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92473578,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"822","last_page":"833"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12392","display_name":"Sharing Economy and Platforms","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disparate-impact","display_name":"Disparate impact","score":0.708299994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.6486999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/price-discrimination","display_name":"Price discrimination","score":0.5802000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box","display_name":"Black box","score":0.39309999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disparate-system","display_name":"Disparate system","score":0.3776000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profiling","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","score":0.37709999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.3343999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776889015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282532","display_name":"Disparate impact","level":3,"score":0.708299994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.6486999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6234999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101472132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835678","display_name":"Price discrimination","level":2,"score":0.5802000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4973999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.39309999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19443361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282533","display_name":"Disparate system","level":2,"score":0.3776000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.37709999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5937824","display_name":"Human intelligence","level":2,"score":0.33390000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779391423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17009728","display_name":"Dynamic pricing","level":2,"score":0.3271999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41458344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732577","display_name":"Publication","level":2,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781170535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30587856","display_name":"Noisy data","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3461702.3462561","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461702.3462561","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3461702.3462561","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2006.04599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.04599","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.04599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3461702.3462561","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461702.3462561","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3461702.3462561","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3149403622.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3149403622.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498024714","https://openalex.org/W1648303880","https://openalex.org/W1989502613","https://openalex.org/W2014352947","https://openalex.org/W2043167816","https://openalex.org/W2133731173","https://openalex.org/W2268212270","https://openalex.org/W2540366629","https://openalex.org/W2548049801","https://openalex.org/W2610272614","https://openalex.org/W2795730973","https://openalex.org/W2883063568","https://openalex.org/W2890576255","https://openalex.org/W2954130930","https://openalex.org/W2979731720","https://openalex.org/W3083206818","https://openalex.org/W3122046808","https://openalex.org/W3193041202","https://openalex.org/W4231165370","https://openalex.org/W4288083801","https://openalex.org/W6638208828"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ridehailing":[0],"applications":[1],"that":[2,21,94],"collect":[3],"mobility":[4],"data":[5,68,99],"from":[6],"individuals":[7],"to":[8,67,82],"inform":[9],"smart":[10],"city":[11,86,89],"planning":[12],"predict":[13],"each":[14],"trip's":[15],"fare":[16],"pricing":[17],"with":[18],"automated":[19],"algorithms":[20,118],"rely":[22],"on":[23,100],"artificial":[24],"intelligence":[25],"(AI).":[26],"This":[27],"type":[28],"of":[29,74,90,111,115],"AI":[30,54],"algorithm,":[31,36],"namely":[32],"a":[33,103],"price":[34,75,116],"discrimination":[35,76,117],"is":[37],"widely":[38],"used":[39,69,119],"in":[40,70,79,85],"the":[41,72,88,107,112],"industry's":[42],"black":[43],"box":[44],"systems":[45,55],"for":[46,56],"dynamic":[47],"individualized":[48],"pricing.":[49],"Lacking":[50],"transparency,":[51],"studying":[52],"such":[53],"fairness":[57],"and":[58],"disparate":[59,113],"impact":[60,114],"has":[61],"not":[62],"been":[63],"possible":[64],"without":[65],"access":[66],"generating":[71],"outcomes":[73],"algorithms.":[77],"Recently,":[78],"an":[80],"effort":[81],"enhance":[83],"transparency":[84],"planning,":[87],"Chicago":[91],"regulation":[92],"mandated":[93],"transportation":[95],"providers":[96],"publish":[97],"anonymized":[98],"ridehailing.":[101],"As":[102],"result,":[104],"we":[105],"present":[106],"first":[108],"large-scale":[109],"measurement":[110],"by":[120],"ridehailing":[121],"applications.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2021-04-13T00:00:00"}
