{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3173342390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461702.3462532","title":"Measuring Automated Influence: Between Empirical Evidence and Ethical Values","display_name":"Measuring Automated Influence: Between Empirical Evidence and Ethical Values","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3173342390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461702.3462532","mag":"3173342390"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3461702.3462532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461702.3462532","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/SUSMAI.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014693682","display_name":"Daniel Susser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4534-6200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Susser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA","Penn State Univ.#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Penn State Univ.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075713766","display_name":"Vincent Grimaldi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Grimaldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA","Penn State University University Park PA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Penn State University University Park PA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014693682"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.139,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84025681,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"242","last_page":"253"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.979200005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nudge-theory","display_name":"Nudge theory","score":0.6575839519500732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.6187390089035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.507574200630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-evidence","display_name":"Empirical evidence","score":0.47155046463012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.461281955242157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.4427644908428192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.43576809763908386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies","display_name":"Emerging technologies","score":0.4109550416469574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.371929407119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.37181955575942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3353234529495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.22504135966300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.22258856892585754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.19468000531196594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14012685418128967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1217409074306488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.11428865790367126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8858961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7068367","display_name":"Nudge theory","level":2,"score":0.6575839519500732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.6187390089035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.507574200630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.47155046463012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.461281955242157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4427644908428192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.43576809763908386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.4109550416469574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.371929407119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.37181955575942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3353234529495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22504135966300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22258856892585754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.19468000531196594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14012685418128967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1217409074306488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11428865790367126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3461702.3462532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461702.3462532","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philpapers.org/rec/SUSMAI","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/rec/SUSMAI","pdf_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/SUSMAI.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402131","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:3173342390","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3848919","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/SUSMAI","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philarchive.org/rec/SUSMAI","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:philpapers.org/rec/SUSMAI","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/rec/SUSMAI","pdf_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/SUSMAI.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402131","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3173342390.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3173342390.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1700132089","https://openalex.org/W1965477689","https://openalex.org/W1977364734","https://openalex.org/W2001363652","https://openalex.org/W2019853574","https://openalex.org/W2020091143","https://openalex.org/W2023214797","https://openalex.org/W2025605741","https://openalex.org/W2031404295","https://openalex.org/W2043002652","https://openalex.org/W2080453063","https://openalex.org/W2100047082","https://openalex.org/W2135599732","https://openalex.org/W2137935948","https://openalex.org/W2396457900","https://openalex.org/W2493561953","https://openalex.org/W2497080131","https://openalex.org/W2505621131","https://openalex.org/W2550898138","https://openalex.org/W2728488239","https://openalex.org/W2768262152","https://openalex.org/W2777811386","https://openalex.org/W2785360786","https://openalex.org/W2786258759","https://openalex.org/W2793764111","https://openalex.org/W2795529671","https://openalex.org/W2803895355","https://openalex.org/W2811058660","https://openalex.org/W2889638154","https://openalex.org/W2893405045","https://openalex.org/W2904566946","https://openalex.org/W2908265596","https://openalex.org/W2910023381","https://openalex.org/W2911826260","https://openalex.org/W2913187784","https://openalex.org/W2919411027","https://openalex.org/W2940948088","https://openalex.org/W2941211423","https://openalex.org/W2943889054","https://openalex.org/W2944170415","https://openalex.org/W2946822853","https://openalex.org/W2950359317","https://openalex.org/W2968491326","https://openalex.org/W2980951591","https://openalex.org/W2994838516","https://openalex.org/W2995569032","https://openalex.org/W3003324336","https://openalex.org/W3004652104","https://openalex.org/W3081459360","https://openalex.org/W3082736675","https://openalex.org/W3093993845","https://openalex.org/W3121661582","https://openalex.org/W3122022408","https://openalex.org/W3124952075","https://openalex.org/W3125057561","https://openalex.org/W3129136847","https://openalex.org/W3192963099","https://openalex.org/W4206182481","https://openalex.org/W4213327489","https://openalex.org/W4288086176"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3188564378","https://openalex.org/W3009499878","https://openalex.org/W2287774508","https://openalex.org/W3133828189","https://openalex.org/W2791499032","https://openalex.org/W3123765537","https://openalex.org/W644785669","https://openalex.org/W2074107228","https://openalex.org/W2951969346","https://openalex.org/W2089726404","https://openalex.org/W2910200097","https://openalex.org/W3188061053","https://openalex.org/W2157366881","https://openalex.org/W1936428682","https://openalex.org/W3155612299","https://openalex.org/W2087208382","https://openalex.org/W3121206840","https://openalex.org/W320587423","https://openalex.org/W2971872947","https://openalex.org/W3177033534"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automated":[0],"influence,":[1],"delivered":[2],"by":[3],"digital":[4,11],"targeting":[5],"technologies":[6,81,99],"such":[7],"as":[8,153],"targeted":[9],"advertising,":[10],"nudges,":[12],"and":[13,27,30,48,57,68,115,150],"recommender":[14],"systems,":[15],"has":[16],"attracted":[17],"significant":[18],"interest":[19],"from":[20,112],"both":[21],"empirical":[22,64,74,126,143],"researchers,":[23],"on":[24,32,53],"one":[25],"hand,":[26],"critical":[28],"scholars":[29,47],"policymakers":[31],"the":[33,54,77,98,102,106,113],"other.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36],"paper,":[37],"we":[38,118],"argue":[39],"for":[40,125,141],"closer":[41],"integration":[42],"of":[43,60,79,94,104,108,122,129],"these":[44,61,80,134,147],"efforts.":[45],"Critical":[46],"policymakers,":[49],"who":[50],"focus":[51],"primarily":[52],"social,":[55],"ethical,":[56],"political":[58],"effects":[59],"technologies,":[62],"need":[63],"evidence":[65],"to":[66,139],"substantiate":[67],"motivate":[69],"their":[70,109,154],"concerns.":[71],"However,":[72],"existing":[73],"research":[75,131,144],"investigating":[76],"effectiveness":[78],"(or":[82],"lack":[83],"thereof),":[84],"neglects":[85],"other":[86],"morally":[87],"relevant":[88],"effects-which":[89],"can":[90],"be":[91],"felt":[92],"regardless":[93],"whether":[95],"or":[96],"not":[97],"\"work\"":[100],"in":[101],"sense":[103],"fulfilling":[105],"promises":[107],"designers.":[110],"Drawing":[111],"ethics":[114,149],"policy":[116,151],"literature,":[117],"enumerate":[119],"a":[120,130,137],"range":[121],"questions":[123,152],"begging":[124],"analysis-the":[127],"outline":[128],"agenda":[132],"bridging":[133],"fields---and":[135],"issue":[136],"call":[138],"action":[140],"more":[142],"that":[145],"takes":[146],"urgent":[148],"starting":[155],"point.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-25T08:17:42.794288","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}