{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3180806406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461016","title":"Genetic Improvement of Data for Maths Functions","display_name":"Genetic Improvement of Data for Maths Functions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3180806406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461016","mag":"3180806406"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3461016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221532","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Evolutionary Learning and Optimization","issn_l":"2688-299X","issn":["2688-299X","2688-3007"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Evolutionary Learning and Optimization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10183978/1/Langdon_TELO.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112258107","display_name":"William B. Langdon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William B. Langdon","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086953482","display_name":"Oliver Krauss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8136-2606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136249","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqp6d56","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136249"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Krauss","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136249"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.78,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77705828,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/square-root","display_name":"Square root","score":0.8007823824882507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithm","display_name":"Logarithm","score":0.6105586886405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bespoke","display_name":"Bespoke","score":0.5837192535400391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cube-root","display_name":"Cube root","score":0.5505639314651489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root","display_name":"Root (linguistics)","score":0.5456514954566956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocal","display_name":"Reciprocal","score":0.49058476090431213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4769645929336548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-finding-algorithm","display_name":"Root-finding algorithm","score":0.44514957070350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.43236085772514343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41458195447921753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3813977539539337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.27976447343826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.18847182393074036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18171143531799316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.12444984912872314}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11577676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134237","display_name":"Square root","level":2,"score":0.8007823824882507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39927690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11197","display_name":"Logarithm","level":2,"score":0.6105586886405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44210515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16968978","display_name":"Bespoke","level":2,"score":0.5837192535400391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201661490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1774143","display_name":"Cube root","level":2,"score":0.5505639314651489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171078966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111029","display_name":"Root (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5456514954566956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777742833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1964083","display_name":"Reciprocal","level":2,"score":0.49058476090431213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4769645929336548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194777461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1085860","display_name":"Root-finding algorithm","level":3,"score":0.44514957070350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.43236085772514343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41458195447921753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3813977539539337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.27976447343826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.18847182393074036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18171143531799316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.12444984912872314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3461016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221532","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Evolutionary Learning and Optimization","issn_l":"2688-299X","issn":["2688-299X","2688-3007"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Evolutionary Learning and Optimization","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10183978","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10183978/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10183978/1/Langdon_TELO.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Evolutionary Learning and Optimization , 1 (2) pp. 1-30. (2021)","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10183978","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10183978/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10183978/1/Langdon_TELO.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Evolutionary Learning and Optimization , 1 (2) pp. 1-30. (2021)","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3649053213","display_name":"GGGP: Grow and Graft Genetic Programming","funder_award_id":"EP/M025853/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8774360244","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M025853/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3180806406.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3180806406.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100379578","https://openalex.org/W1503834774","https://openalex.org/W1529085013","https://openalex.org/W1596462940","https://openalex.org/W1758861635","https://openalex.org/W1890013361","https://openalex.org/W1979345446","https://openalex.org/W1981576666","https://openalex.org/W1984074188","https://openalex.org/W1994603764","https://openalex.org/W1996374694","https://openalex.org/W2001936191","https://openalex.org/W2023462640","https://openalex.org/W2025149635","https://openalex.org/W2031279068","https://openalex.org/W2044108151","https://openalex.org/W2059762028","https://openalex.org/W2069265488","https://openalex.org/W2079664326","https://openalex.org/W2084178119","https://openalex.org/W2084627971","https://openalex.org/W2086561953","https://openalex.org/W2092382400","https://openalex.org/W2106683494","https://openalex.org/W2108088242","https://openalex.org/W2112036188","https://openalex.org/W2130408576","https://openalex.org/W2139657973","https://openalex.org/W2151019861","https://openalex.org/W2156194072","https://openalex.org/W2171119203","https://openalex.org/W2180366062","https://openalex.org/W2295811209","https://openalex.org/W2296035261","https://openalex.org/W2299532870","https://openalex.org/W2305591663","https://openalex.org/W2485562048","https://openalex.org/W2504193173","https://openalex.org/W2504358330","https://openalex.org/W2511806931","https://openalex.org/W2514752056","https://openalex.org/W2523190720","https://openalex.org/W2523586432","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W2601280589","https://openalex.org/W2602097259","https://openalex.org/W2608579592","https://openalex.org/W2735662636","https://openalex.org/W2736062411","https://openalex.org/W2742246372","https://openalex.org/W2775114336","https://openalex.org/W2786060867","https://openalex.org/W2792430327","https://openalex.org/W2794515005","https://openalex.org/W2888576206","https://openalex.org/W2914054411","https://openalex.org/W2957816509","https://openalex.org/W2958727599","https://openalex.org/W3015633383","https://openalex.org/W3016164582","https://openalex.org/W3046826443","https://openalex.org/W4229947305","https://openalex.org/W4246205414","https://openalex.org/W4301759073","https://openalex.org/W6959643953"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3136430826","https://openalex.org/W3137064143","https://openalex.org/W2906791148","https://openalex.org/W55564334","https://openalex.org/W1983726627","https://openalex.org/W2105365571","https://openalex.org/W3217254184","https://openalex.org/W2626542362","https://openalex.org/W2908386655","https://openalex.org/W3180806406"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"use":[1],"continuous":[2],"optimisation":[3],"and":[4,40],"manual":[5],"code":[6],"changes":[7],"to":[8,11,28],"evolve":[9],"up":[10],"1024":[12],"Newton-Raphson":[13],"numerical":[14],"values":[15],"embedded":[16],"in":[17,47],"an":[18],"open":[19],"source":[20],"GNU":[21],"C":[22,46],"library":[23],"glibc":[24],"square":[25,42,52],"root":[26,34,43,53],"sqrt":[27],"implement":[29],"a":[30],"double":[31],"precision":[32],"cube":[33],"routine":[35],"cbrt,":[36],"binary":[37],"logarithm":[38],"log2":[39],"reciprocal":[41],"function":[44],"for":[45,68],"seconds.":[48],"The":[49],"GI":[50,65],"inverted":[51],"x":[54],"-1/2":[55],"is":[56],"far":[57],"more":[58],"accurate":[59],"than":[60],"Quake\u2019s":[61],"InvSqrt,":[62],"Quare":[63],"root.":[64],"shows":[66],"potential":[67],"automatically":[69],"creating":[70],"mobile":[71],"or":[72],"low":[73],"resource":[74],"mote":[75],"smart":[76],"dust":[77],"bespoke":[78],"custom":[79],"mathematical":[80],"libraries":[81],"with":[82],"new":[83],"functionality.":[84]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-19T07:52:34.831488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
