{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197102031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461002.3473074","title":"A spaCy-based tool for extracting variability from NL requirements","display_name":"A spaCy-based tool for extracting variability from NL requirements","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197102031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461002.3473074","mag":"3197102031"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3461002.3473074","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461002.3473074","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th ACM International Systems and Software Product Line Conference - Volume B","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084211673","display_name":"Alessandro Fantechi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4648-4667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Fantechi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 di Firenze, Firenze, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 di Firenze, Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014572316","display_name":"Stefania Gnesi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0139-0421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122991210","display_name":"Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione \"Alessandro Faedo\"","ror":"https://ror.org/05kacka20","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122991210","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefania Gnesi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ISTI-CNR, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISTI-CNR, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122991210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052865488","display_name":"Samuele Livi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuele Livi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030881314","display_name":"Laura Semini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8774-2346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Semini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084211673"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2081,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89948662,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"32","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7753193378448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.773310661315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6954099535942078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.6032748818397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5727430582046509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noun","display_name":"Noun","score":0.5378977060317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4671682119369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12323486804962158}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7753193378448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.773310661315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6954099535942078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.6032748818397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5727430582046509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121934690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1084","display_name":"Noun","level":2,"score":0.5378977060317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4671682119369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12323486804962158}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3461002.3473074","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3461002.3473074","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th ACM International Systems and Software Product Line Conference - Volume B","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1118074","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11568/1118074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:people______::b3f7694aa90e7afd193eb0d70cd43e00","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055261","display_name":"ISTI Open Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:flore.unifi.it:2158/1259821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1259821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402033","display_name":"Florence Research (University of Florence)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","host_organization_name":"University of Florence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:people______::b3f7694aa90e7afd193eb0d70cd43e00","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055261","display_name":"ISTI Open Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22513585","https://openalex.org/W1856666328","https://openalex.org/W2062601244","https://openalex.org/W2099213660","https://openalex.org/W2342986842","https://openalex.org/W2553459006","https://openalex.org/W2574579013","https://openalex.org/W2753774212","https://openalex.org/W2783983795","https://openalex.org/W2896370098"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2353179089","https://openalex.org/W2923538289","https://openalex.org/W2353125546","https://openalex.org/W2470643824","https://openalex.org/W2349635380","https://openalex.org/W1516679419","https://openalex.org/W190396239","https://openalex.org/W4226226396","https://openalex.org/W3153750606","https://openalex.org/W4308854837"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"previous":[1],"work,":[2],"we":[3,42],"have":[4,29,43,64],"shown":[5,109],"that":[6],"ambiguity":[7,38],"detection":[8],"in":[9,84],"requirements":[10],"can":[11],"also":[12,66],"be":[13],"used":[14,31,118],"as":[15,76],"a":[16,33,85,91,122],"way":[17],"to":[18,48,71,103,110],"capture":[19],"latent":[20],"aspects":[21],"of":[22,82],"variability.":[23,62,105],"Natural":[24],"Language":[25],"Processing":[26],"(NLP)":[27],"tools":[28,50],"been":[30],"for":[32,51,61],"lexical":[34,119],"analysis":[35],"aimed":[36],"at":[37,53],"indicators":[39,83],"detection,":[40],"and":[41],"studied":[44],"the":[45,98,112],"necessary":[46],"adaptations":[47],"those":[49],"pointing":[52],"potential":[54,73],"variability,":[55,74],"essentially":[56],"by":[57,116],"adding":[58],"specific":[59],"dictionaries":[60],"We":[63],"identified":[65],"some":[67],"syntactic":[68],"rules":[69],"able":[70],"detect":[72,104],"such":[75],"disjunction":[77],"between":[78],"nouns":[79],"or":[80],"pairs":[81],"subordinate":[86],"proposition.":[87],"This":[88],"paper":[89],"describes":[90],"new":[92],"prototype":[93,107],"NLP":[94],"tool,":[95],"based":[96],"on":[97],"spaCy":[99],"library,":[100],"specifically":[101],"designed":[102],"The":[106],"is":[108],"preserve":[111],"same":[113],"recall":[114],"exhibited":[115],"previously":[117],"tools,":[120],"with":[121],"higher":[123],"precision.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-02T08:37:19.008085","created_date":"2021-09-13T00:00:00"}
