{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3173922570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460392","title":"Betalogger: Smartphone Sensor-based Side-channel Attack Detection and Text Inference Using Language Modeling and Dense MultiLayer Neural Network","display_name":"Betalogger: Smartphone Sensor-based Side-channel Attack Detection and Text Inference Using Language Modeling and Dense MultiLayer Neural Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3173922570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460392","mag":"3173922570"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3460392","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421405","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","issn_l":"2375-4699","issn":["2375-4699","2375-4702"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://qspace.qu.edu.qa/bitstream/10576/37656/2/3460392.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069580698","display_name":"Abdul Rehman Javed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0570-1813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899713450","display_name":"Air University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yfe9v83","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Rehman Javed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101804002","display_name":"Saif Ur Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1324-1693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899713450","display_name":"Air University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yfe9v83","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saif Ur Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084329440","display_name":"Mohib Ullah Khan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192891849","display_name":"University of Wah","ror":"https://ror.org/020we4134","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192891849"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohib Ullah Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wah, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wah, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192891849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018409592","display_name":"Mamoun Alazab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1928-3704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29894533","display_name":"Charles Darwin University","ror":"https://ror.org/048zcaj52","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mamoun Alazab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Charles Darwin University, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles Darwin University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091086588","display_name":"Habib Ullah Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8373-2781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Habib Ullah Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qatar University, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qatar University, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069580698"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9614,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94604462,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":"1","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7954943180084229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.5557399392127991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-portability","display_name":"Software portability","score":0.5492343306541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.5132317543029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.49837422370910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47594499588012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.47510990500450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.4599300026893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.44530290365219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38381293416023254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3346788287162781}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7954943180084229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.5557399392127991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63000827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080428","display_name":"Software portability","level":2,"score":0.5492343306541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.5132317543029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.49837422370910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47594499588012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.47510990500450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.4599300026893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.44530290365219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38381293416023254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3346788287162781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3460392","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421405","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","issn_l":"2375-4699","issn":["2375-4699","2375-4702"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/37656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10576/37656","pdf_url":"http://qspace.qu.edu.qa/bitstream/10576/37656/2/3460392.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400014","display_name":"Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","host_organization_name":"Qatar University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/37656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10576/37656","pdf_url":"http://qspace.qu.edu.qa/bitstream/10576/37656/2/3460392.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400014","display_name":"Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","host_organization_name":"Qatar University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3173922570.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3173922570.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1993132138","https://openalex.org/W2017634428","https://openalex.org/W2073445898","https://openalex.org/W2130695501","https://openalex.org/W2134751203","https://openalex.org/W2255955965","https://openalex.org/W2576815293","https://openalex.org/W2888100578","https://openalex.org/W2911844256","https://openalex.org/W2919491451","https://openalex.org/W2922440217","https://openalex.org/W2944720157","https://openalex.org/W2964008753","https://openalex.org/W2969993507","https://openalex.org/W2996905125","https://openalex.org/W3005260862","https://openalex.org/W3005923092","https://openalex.org/W3006325478","https://openalex.org/W3007249573","https://openalex.org/W3016481661","https://openalex.org/W3023328046","https://openalex.org/W3030953462","https://openalex.org/W3035503061","https://openalex.org/W3039088822","https://openalex.org/W3045496722","https://openalex.org/W3090907207","https://openalex.org/W3094190102","https://openalex.org/W3124340574","https://openalex.org/W3130982961","https://openalex.org/W3135306750","https://openalex.org/W4254608926"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2784803070","https://openalex.org/W2077030552","https://openalex.org/W110609005","https://openalex.org/W2377544373","https://openalex.org/W2211967836","https://openalex.org/W2120994104","https://openalex.org/W1517479908","https://openalex.org/W2794878329","https://openalex.org/W2365235480","https://openalex.org/W2083107063"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,8,40,50,74,92,120,131,136,140,144,151,155,177],"recent":[2],"advancement":[3],"of":[4,39,76,115,157],"smartphone":[5,12,51,78,82,100],"technology":[6],"in":[7,143,154,180],"past":[9],"few":[10],"years,":[11],"usage":[13],"has":[14],"increased":[15],"on":[16,98],"a":[17,33,99,106,158],"tremendous":[18],"scale":[19],"due":[20],"to":[21,26,46,130,134],"its":[22],"portability":[23],"and":[24,87,105,142,170,173,187],"ability":[25],"perform":[27,47],"many":[28],"daily":[29],"life":[30],"tasks.":[31],"As":[32],"result,":[34],"smartphones":[35],"have":[36],"become":[37],"one":[38],"most":[41],"valuable":[42],"targets":[43],"for":[44],"hackers":[45],"cyberattacks,":[48],"since":[49],"can":[52],"contain":[53],"individuals\u2019":[54],"sensitive":[55],"data.":[56],"Smartphones":[57],"are":[58],"embedded":[59],"with":[60,182],"highly":[61,167],"accurate":[62,168],"sensors.":[63],"This":[64],"article":[65],"proposes":[66],"BetaLogger":[67,89,112,165],",":[68],"an":[69],"Android-based":[70],"application":[71],"that":[72,164],"highlights":[73],"issue":[75],"leaking":[77],"users\u2019":[79],"privacy":[80],"using":[81,102],"hardware":[83],"sensors":[84],"(accelerometer,":[85],"magnetometer,":[86],"gyroscope).":[88],"efficiently":[90],"infers":[91],"typed":[93],"text":[94],"(long":[95],"or":[96],"short)":[97],"keyboard":[101],"Language":[103],"Modeling":[104],"Dense":[107],"Multi-layer":[108],"Neural":[109],"Network":[110],"(DMNN).":[111],"is":[113,126],"composed":[114],"two":[116],"major":[117],"phases:":[118],"In":[119],"first":[121],"phase,":[122,146],"Text":[123],"Inference":[124],"Vector":[125],"given":[127],"as":[128],"input":[129],"DMNN":[132],"model":[133],"predict":[135],"target":[137],"labels":[138],"comprising":[139],"alphabet,":[141],"second":[145],"sequence":[147,153],"generator":[148],"module":[149],"generate":[150],"output":[152],"shape":[156],"continuous":[159],"sentence.":[160],"The":[161],"outcomes":[162],"demonstrate":[163],"generates":[166],"short":[169],"long":[171],"sentences,":[172],"it":[174],"effectively":[175],"enhances":[176],"inference":[178],"rate":[179],"comparison":[181],"conventional":[183],"machine":[184],"learning":[185],"algorithms":[186],"state-of-the-art":[188],"studies.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}