{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3200386784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3485358","title":"Optimized Predictive Control for AGC Cyber Resiliency","display_name":"Optimized Predictive Control for AGC Cyber Resiliency","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3200386784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3485358","mag":"3200386784"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3460120.3485358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3485358","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102918301","display_name":"Muhammad Nouman Nafees","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8138-2140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Nouman Nafees","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011086368","display_name":"Neetesh Saxena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6437-0807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neetesh Saxena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090436792","display_name":"Pete Burnap","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0396-633X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pete Burnap","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102918301"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2747,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54734809,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2450","last_page":"2452"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-generation-control","display_name":"Automatic Generation Control","score":0.6468539834022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6414061188697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6251726746559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.6117210984230042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.557375967502594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.4713049829006195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.45990654826164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.4342888593673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.43061378598213196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.35066717863082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3262978494167328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3221479058265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2987917959690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1746097207069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16429835557937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12252065539360046}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778763806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826572","display_name":"Automatic Generation Control","level":4,"score":0.6468539834022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6414061188697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6251726746559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.6117210984230042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.557375967502594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.4713049829006195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.45990654826164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.4342888593673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.43061378598213196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.35066717863082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3262978494167328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3221479058265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2987917959690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1746097207069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16429835557937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12252065539360046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3460120.3485358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3485358","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:143926","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7846730872","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S018263/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48497080","https://openalex.org/W2511626949","https://openalex.org/W2621932216","https://openalex.org/W4237248368"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2104973077","https://openalex.org/W2331465608","https://openalex.org/W1973248937","https://openalex.org/W2362819233","https://openalex.org/W2004081218","https://openalex.org/W2907973261","https://openalex.org/W4312928176","https://openalex.org/W4389401283","https://openalex.org/W3088822319","https://openalex.org/W1895825885"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"Generation":[1],"Control":[2,37],"(AGC)":[3],"is":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6,65,94,193],"smart":[7],"grid":[8],"systems":[9],"to":[10,15,123,160],"maintain":[11],"the":[12,29,68,72,77,95,107,130,135,145,149,156,178,185],"grid's":[13],"frequency":[14,33,44],"a":[16,101,119,162,188,194],"nominal":[17],"value.":[18],"Cyber-attacks":[19],"such":[20],"as":[21],"time":[22],"delay":[23],"and":[24,35,53,57,92,183],"false":[25],"data":[26,154],"injection":[27],"on":[28,115,134],"tie-line":[30],"power":[31,158],"flow,":[32],"measurements,":[34],"Area":[36],"Error":[38],"(ACE)":[39],"control":[40,173,182],"signals":[41],"can":[42,47,176],"cause":[43],"excursion":[45],"that":[46,80,170],"trigger":[48],"load":[49,153],"shedding,":[50],"generators'":[51],"damage,":[52],"blackouts.":[54],"Therefore,":[55],"resilience":[56],"detection":[58,91,191],"of":[59,62,67,71,148],"attacks":[60],"are":[61],"paramount":[63],"importance":[64],"terms":[66],"reliable":[69],"operation":[70],"grid.":[73],"In":[74],"contrast":[75],"with":[76,187],"previous":[78],"works":[79],"overlook":[81],"ACE":[82],"resiliency,":[83],"this":[84],"paper":[85],"proposes":[86],"an":[87],"approach":[88,105,122,128,175],"for":[89,106,155],"cyber-attack":[90],"resiliency":[93],"overall":[96],"AGC":[97,108],"process.":[98],"We":[99,125],"propose":[100],"state":[102],"estimation":[103],"algorithm":[104],"system":[109,159,174,179],"by":[110],"utilizing":[111],"prior":[112,198],"information":[113],"based":[114,133],"Gaussian":[116],"process":[117],"regression,":[118],"non-parametric,":[120],"Bayesian":[121],"regression.":[124],"evaluate":[126],"our":[127,171],"using":[129,180,197],"PowerWorld":[131],"simulator":[132],"three-area":[136,157],"New":[137,150],"England":[138,151],"IEEE":[139],"39-bus":[140],"model.":[141],"Moreover,":[142],"we":[143],"utilize":[144],"modified":[146],"version":[147],"ISO":[152],"create":[161],"more":[163],"realistic":[164],"dataset.":[165],"Our":[166],"results":[167],"clearly":[168],"show":[169],"resilient":[172],"mitigate":[177],"predictive":[181],"detect":[184],"attack":[186],"100":[189],"percent":[190],"rate":[192],"shorter":[195],"period":[196],"auxiliary":[199],"information.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}