{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3211337922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3485250","title":"Search-Based Local Black-Box Deobfuscation: Understand, Improve and Mitigate","display_name":"Search-Based Local Black-Box Deobfuscation: Understand, Improve and Mitigate","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3211337922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3485250","mag":"3211337922"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3460120.3485250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3485250","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://cea.hal.science/cea-04258913","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005609965","display_name":"Gr\u00e9goire Menguy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8776-8770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085861","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Int\u00e9gration des Syst\u00e8mes et des Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/000dbcc61","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210085861","https://openalex.org/I4210117989"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gr\u00e9goire Menguy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Palaiseau, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Palaiseau, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210085861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018746962","display_name":"S\u00e9bastien Bardin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6509-3506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085861","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Int\u00e9gration des Syst\u00e8mes et des Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/000dbcc61","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210085861","https://openalex.org/I4210117989"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00e9bastien Bardin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Palaiseau, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Palaiseau, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210085861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029642238","display_name":"Richard Bonichon","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Bonichon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nomadic Labs, Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nomadic Labs, Paris, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032310253","display_name":"Cauim de Souza Lima","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085861","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Int\u00e9gration des Syst\u00e8mes et des Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/000dbcc61","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210085861","https://openalex.org/I4210117989"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cauim de Souza Lima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Palaiseau, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Palaiseau, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210085861"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005609965"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210085861"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1543,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88480129,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2513","last_page":"2525"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8848668336868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.6053805947303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5906938910484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4690675437450409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4619392156600952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box","display_name":"Black box","score":0.44961753487586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4122962951660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32062286138534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.305747926235199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2514362037181854}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8848668336868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.6053805947303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5906938910484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4690675437450409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4619392156600952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.44961753487586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4122962951660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32062286138534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.305747926235199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2514362037181854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3460120.3485250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3485250","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:cea-04258913v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cea.hal.science/cea-04258913","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3460120.3485250","raw_type":"Conference papers"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:cea-04258913v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cea.hal.science/cea-04258913","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3460120.3485250","raw_type":"Conference papers"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2383372638","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-20-CE25-0009-TAVA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480909796","https://openalex.org/W1502125971","https://openalex.org/W1514023947","https://openalex.org/W1514687127","https://openalex.org/W1538186256","https://openalex.org/W1567046609","https://openalex.org/W1613273921","https://openalex.org/W2010417554","https://openalex.org/W2126316555","https://openalex.org/W2126851641","https://openalex.org/W2131266495","https://openalex.org/W2134734244","https://openalex.org/W2148888468","https://openalex.org/W2277582207","https://openalex.org/W2294628582","https://openalex.org/W2314464932","https://openalex.org/W2408027109","https://openalex.org/W2462800345","https://openalex.org/W2538979179","https://openalex.org/W2560252021","https://openalex.org/W2708742135","https://openalex.org/W2752859356","https://openalex.org/W2806540472","https://openalex.org/W2873938857","https://openalex.org/W2938468157","https://openalex.org/W2976890614","https://openalex.org/W2990227674","https://openalex.org/W2993065968","https://openalex.org/W3014581084","https://openalex.org/W4234222550","https://openalex.org/W4246565613","https://openalex.org/W4246691913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4224216661","https://openalex.org/W3210347767","https://openalex.org/W98994209","https://openalex.org/W67940504","https://openalex.org/W2066014542","https://openalex.org/W2024170198","https://openalex.org/W2152144666","https://openalex.org/W1819617256","https://openalex.org/W4308699695","https://openalex.org/W3207190435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Code":[0],"obfuscation":[1,175],"aims":[2],"at":[3],"protecting":[4],"Intellectual":[5],"Property":[6],"and":[7,45,78,98,131,177],"other":[8],"secrets":[9],"embedded":[10],"into":[11],"software":[12],"from":[13],"being":[14,166],"retrieved.":[15],"Recent":[16],"works":[17],"leverage":[18],"advances":[19],"in":[20,53,67,128,155],"artificial":[21],"intelligence":[22],"(AI)":[23],"with":[24,161],"the":[25,61,72,104,110,133,143,170],"hope":[26],"of":[27,43,63,135,157],"getting":[28],"blackbox":[29,49,65,93,147,186],"deobfuscators":[30],"completely":[31,167],"immune":[32,168],"to":[33,106,169,189],"standard":[34],"(whitebox)":[35],"protection":[36,81],"mechanisms.":[37,82],"While":[38],"promising,":[39],"this":[40,57],"new":[41,144],"field":[42],"AI-based,":[44],"more":[46],"specifically":[47],"search-based":[48,64,92,146,185],"deobfuscation,":[50,187],"is":[51,116],"still":[52],"its":[54],"infancy.":[55],"In":[56,83],"article":[58],"we":[59,85,102,141,179],"deepen":[60],"state":[62],"deobfuscation":[66,94,115],"three":[68],"key":[69,100],"directions:":[70],"understand":[71],"current":[73],"state-of-the-art,":[74],"improve":[75],"over":[76],"it":[77],"design":[79],"dedicated":[80],"particular,":[84],"define":[86],"a":[87],"novel":[88,182],"generic":[89],"framework":[90],"for":[91,119],"encompassing":[95],"prior":[96,129,153],"work":[97,154],"highlighting":[99],"components;":[101],"are":[103],"first":[105],"point":[107],"out":[108],"that":[109],"search":[111],"space":[112],"underlying":[113],"code":[114,174],"too":[117],"unstable":[118],"simulation-based":[120],"methods":[121,137],"(e.g.,":[122],"Monte":[123],"Carlo":[124],"Tree":[125],"Search":[126],"used":[127],"work)":[130],"advocate":[132],"use":[134],"robust":[136],"such":[138],"as":[139],"S-metaheuristics;":[140],"propose":[142,180],"optimized":[145],"deobfuscator":[148],"Xyntia":[149,191],"which":[150],"significantly":[151],"outperforms":[152],"terms":[156],"success":[158],"rate":[159],"(especially":[160],"small":[162],"time":[163],"budget)":[164],"while":[165],"most":[171],"recent":[172],"anti-analysis":[173],"methods;":[176],"finally":[178],"two":[181],"protections":[183],"against":[184],"allowing":[188],"counter":[190],"powerful":[192],"attacks.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}