{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212185415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3484743","title":"Chunk-Level Password Guessing: Towards Modeling Refined Password Composition Representations","display_name":"Chunk-Level Password Guessing: Towards Modeling Refined Password Composition Representations","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212185415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3484743","mag":"3212185415"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3460120.3484743","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3484743","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100629750","display_name":"Ming Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1061-819X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ming Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083842044","display_name":"Chuanwang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6764-9184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuanwang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021311333","display_name":"Jitao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7225-0230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jitao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100343045","display_name":"Junjie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0855-4118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100323896","display_name":"Kai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7518-5466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011724449","display_name":"Weili Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8663-436X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weili Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100629750"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2329,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95751252,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.967199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.9320285320281982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-strength","display_name":"Password strength","score":0.7562872171401978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7521201372146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-time-password","display_name":"One-time password","score":0.5587095618247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-knowledge-password-proof","display_name":"Zero-knowledge password proof","score":0.5415785908699036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-password","display_name":"Cognitive password","score":0.523561418056488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/s/key","display_name":"S/KEY","score":0.4934357702732086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composition","display_name":"Composition (language)","score":0.4731016159057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.47243839502334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4688998758792877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.34712183475494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.32264143228530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.10713368654251099}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.9320285320281982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70530487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990841","display_name":"Password strength","level":4,"score":0.7562872171401978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7521201372146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89479133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137840","display_name":"One-time password","level":3,"score":0.5587095618247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188615804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8069448","display_name":"Zero-knowledge password proof","level":5,"score":0.5415785908699036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23875713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141232","display_name":"Cognitive password","level":5,"score":0.523561418056488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4957475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242186","display_name":"S/KEY","level":3,"score":0.4934357702732086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40231798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743","display_name":"Composition (language)","level":2,"score":0.4731016159057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.47243839502334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4688998758792877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.34712183475494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32264143228530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.10713368654251099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3460120.3484743","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3484743","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46679369","https://openalex.org/W150647875","https://openalex.org/W167157979","https://openalex.org/W821002660","https://openalex.org/W1463944966","https://openalex.org/W1526870393","https://openalex.org/W1582097881","https://openalex.org/W2007488200","https://openalex.org/W2019578814","https://openalex.org/W2030112111","https://openalex.org/W2054626033","https://openalex.org/W2073342447","https://openalex.org/W2086553822","https://openalex.org/W2100783932","https://openalex.org/W2134237567","https://openalex.org/W2135359429","https://openalex.org/W2157151879","https://openalex.org/W2174113119","https://openalex.org/W2218132318","https://openalex.org/W2271980715","https://openalex.org/W2392058240","https://openalex.org/W2463456957","https://openalex.org/W2490171383","https://openalex.org/W2528123348","https://openalex.org/W2528727354","https://openalex.org/W2538793708","https://openalex.org/W2579555219","https://openalex.org/W2613407938","https://openalex.org/W2734150319","https://openalex.org/W2734941459","https://openalex.org/W2794001933","https://openalex.org/W2794597466","https://openalex.org/W2889290790","https://openalex.org/W2891820333","https://openalex.org/W2911139872","https://openalex.org/W2937893159","https://openalex.org/W2954460680","https://openalex.org/W2962784628","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2968267813","https://openalex.org/W2973376071","https://openalex.org/W2979778546","https://openalex.org/W3015349823","https://openalex.org/W3035133096","https://openalex.org/W3035207248","https://openalex.org/W3035773903","https://openalex.org/W3097523736","https://openalex.org/W4254878679","https://openalex.org/W4301177107","https://openalex.org/W6601894380"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969720675","https://openalex.org/W2747082534","https://openalex.org/W2359085393","https://openalex.org/W4283835082","https://openalex.org/W1970072309","https://openalex.org/W3125785768","https://openalex.org/W4221040820","https://openalex.org/W2021087413","https://openalex.org/W4283455174","https://openalex.org/W2557836603"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Textual":[0],"password":[1,15,29],"security":[2,67],"hinges":[3],"on":[4],"the":[5,23,62],"guessing":[6,76],"models":[7,25,77],"adopted":[8],"by":[9,74],"attackers,":[10],"in":[11],"which":[12,38],"a":[13,28,31],"suitable":[14],"composition":[16],"representation":[17],"is":[18],"an":[19],"influential":[20],"factor.":[21],"Unfortunately,":[22],"conventional":[24],"roughly":[26],"regard":[27],"as":[30],"sequence":[32],"of":[33],"characters,":[34],"or":[35,53],"natural-language-based":[36],"words,":[37],"are":[39],"password-irrelevant.":[40],"Experience":[41],"shows":[42],"that":[43],"passwords":[44],"exhibit":[45],"internal":[46],"and":[47,59,65],"refined":[48,63],"patterns,":[49],"e.g.,":[50],"\"4ever,":[51],"ing":[52],"2015\",":[54],"varying":[55],"significantly":[56],"among":[57],"periods":[58],"regions.":[60],"However,":[61],"representations":[64],"their":[66],"impacts":[68],"could":[69],"not":[70],"be":[71],"automatically":[72],"understood":[73],"state-of-the-art":[75],"(e.g.,":[78],"Markov).":[79]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
