{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092846609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3484566","title":"BFT Protocol Forensics","display_name":"BFT Protocol Forensics","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092846609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3484566","mag":"3092846609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3460120.3484566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3484566","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.06785","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072867959","display_name":"Peiyao Sheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1896-2852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peiyao Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA","University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign , Champaign , IL , USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign , Champaign , IL , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087174570","display_name":"Gerui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3378-8861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA","University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign , Champaign , IL , USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign , Champaign , IL , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040861793","display_name":"Kartik Nayak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5675-263X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kartik Nayak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100722219","display_name":"Sreeram Kannan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8843-2964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sreeram Kannan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053980484","display_name":"Pramod Viswanath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3171-8667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pramod Viswanath","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA","University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign , Champaign , IL , USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign , Champaign , IL , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072867959"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.16,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48070661,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1722","last_page":"1743"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12288","display_name":"Optimization and Search Problems","score":0.9498000144958496,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9315999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7656623125076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.7192623019218445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.70722895860672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5494599938392639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.4807319641113281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impossibility","display_name":"Impossibility","score":0.4487067461013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.44655153155326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.43817728757858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3727060854434967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.18955960869789124}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7656623125076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.7192623019218445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.70722895860672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5494599938392639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.4807319641113281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776261394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315562","display_name":"Impossibility","level":2,"score":0.4487067461013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.44655153155326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.43817728757858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3727060854434967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.18955960869789124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3460120.3484566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3484566","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2010.06785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.06785","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.06785","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3092846609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/2010.06785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2010.06785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2010.06785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2010.06785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.06785","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.06785","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8058683856","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1705007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W201372435","https://openalex.org/W1544994527","https://openalex.org/W1963279632","https://openalex.org/W2003214215","https://openalex.org/W2098104887","https://openalex.org/W2106004025","https://openalex.org/W2114579022","https://openalex.org/W2116021422","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2763398287","https://openalex.org/W2766209351","https://openalex.org/W2811175264","https://openalex.org/W2811448169","https://openalex.org/W2914554654","https://openalex.org/W2954263557","https://openalex.org/W2963873436","https://openalex.org/W2964159515","https://openalex.org/W2980357144","https://openalex.org/W2987599572","https://openalex.org/W3013530784","https://openalex.org/W3015234426","https://openalex.org/W3018630846","https://openalex.org/W3039242808","https://openalex.org/W3044033451","https://openalex.org/W3048622053","https://openalex.org/W3084120904","https://openalex.org/W3118257894","https://openalex.org/W3204918413","https://openalex.org/W6678832241"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3212977345","https://openalex.org/W3188062450","https://openalex.org/W2990248047","https://openalex.org/W2124037649","https://openalex.org/W2969329033","https://openalex.org/W1569757987","https://openalex.org/W603186994","https://openalex.org/W2950152357","https://openalex.org/W2941164501","https://openalex.org/W3013483010","https://openalex.org/W3130587916","https://openalex.org/W2161053053","https://openalex.org/W2278104692","https://openalex.org/W1989850654","https://openalex.org/W2339750187","https://openalex.org/W2790340769","https://openalex.org/W3102600874","https://openalex.org/W3204280976","https://openalex.org/W3109380690","https://openalex.org/W2886165711"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Byzantine":[0,20,222],"fault-tolerant":[1],"(BFT)":[2],"protocols":[3,26,99,119,186,208],"allow":[4],"a":[5,165,193],"group":[6],"of":[7,16,33,44,62,65,77,97,135,151,156,218],"replicas":[8,18,80,190,220],"to":[9,11,27,70,215],"come":[10],"consensus":[12,154],"even":[13,210],"when":[14],"some":[15],"the":[17,42,60,78,110,140,153,216],"are":[19],"faulty.":[21],"There":[22],"exist":[23,132],"multiple":[24],"BFT":[25,66,98,118,185,207],"securely":[28],"tolerate":[29],"an":[30],"optimal":[31],"number":[32,43],"faults":[34,45],"t":[35,48],"under":[36,172],"different":[37],"network":[38,195],"settings.":[39],"However,":[40],"if":[41,211],"f":[46],"exceeds":[47],"then":[49],"security":[50,112],"could":[51],"be":[52],"violated.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55,201],"paper":[56],"we":[57,68,123,180],"mathematically":[58],"formalize":[59],"study":[61],"forensic":[63,95,127,141,148,161,196],"support":[64,96,149,197],"protocols:":[67],"aim":[69],"identify":[71],"(with":[72],"cryptographic":[73],"integrity)":[74],"as":[75,81,85,88],"many":[76],"malicious":[79],"possible":[82],"and":[83,170,209],"in":[84,177],"distributed":[86],"manner":[87],"possible.":[89],"Our":[90],"main":[91],"result":[92,203],"is":[93,168,171,198],"that":[94,106,130,182],"depends":[100],"heavily":[101],"on":[102,116,164],"minor":[103,133],"implementation":[104],"details":[105],"do":[107],"not":[108],"affect":[109],"protocol's":[111],"or":[113],"complexity.":[114],"Focusing":[115],"popular":[117],"(PBFT,":[120],"HotStuff,":[121],"Algorand)":[122],"exactly":[124],"characterize":[125],"their":[126],"support,":[128],"showing":[129],"there":[131],"variants":[134],"each":[136],"protocol":[137,155],"for":[138,175,188,205],"which":[139],"supports":[142],"vary":[143],"widely.":[144],"We":[145],"show":[146,181],"strong":[147],"capability":[150],"LibraBFT,":[152],"Diem":[157,166],"cryptocurrency;":[158],"our":[159],"lightweight":[160],"module":[162],"implemented":[163],"client":[167],"open-sourced":[169],"active":[173],"consideration":[174],"deployment":[176],"Diem.":[178],"Finally,":[179],"all":[183,206,219],"secure":[184],"designed":[187],"2t+1":[189],"communicating":[191],"over":[192],"synchronous":[194],"inherently":[199],"nonexistent;":[200],"impossibility":[202],"holds":[204],"one":[212],"has":[213],"access":[214],"states":[217],"(including":[221],"ones).":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}