{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212284220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3484562","title":"PPE Circuits for Rational Polynomials","display_name":"PPE Circuits for Rational Polynomials","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212284220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3484562","mag":"3212284220"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3460120.3484562","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3484562","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083731744","display_name":"Susan Hohenberger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Susan Hohenberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052795789","display_name":"Satyanarayana Vusirikala","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satyanarayana Vusirikala","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083731744"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16587263,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2738","last_page":"2757"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7040715217590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairing","display_name":"Pairing","score":0.5831996202468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5783753991127014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5627897381782532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5385042428970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4897348880767822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polynomial","display_name":"Polynomial","score":0.48258960247039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","score":0.425495445728302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4244581162929535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3250550627708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20076218247413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.16529789566993713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15592432022094727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7040715217590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14103023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681459","display_name":"Pairing","level":3,"score":0.5831996202468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5783753991127014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5627897381782532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5385042428970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4897348880767822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90119067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43260","display_name":"Polynomial","level":2,"score":0.48258960247039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.425495445728302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4244581162929535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3250550627708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20076218247413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.16529789566993713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15592432022094727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54101563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124131","display_name":"Superconductivity","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3460120.3484562","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460120.3484562","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3345411029","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1908611, CNS-1908181","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7642952938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-19-1-2294","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W174958306","https://openalex.org/W1484751769","https://openalex.org/W1494641788","https://openalex.org/W1546774120","https://openalex.org/W1592092778","https://openalex.org/W1610688607","https://openalex.org/W1981757200","https://openalex.org/W2011086847","https://openalex.org/W2015340470","https://openalex.org/W2039683463","https://openalex.org/W2060393385","https://openalex.org/W2086298846","https://openalex.org/W2108978217","https://openalex.org/W2116556172","https://openalex.org/W2117797270","https://openalex.org/W2127598599","https://openalex.org/W2141395382","https://openalex.org/W2152394049","https://openalex.org/W2165297797","https://openalex.org/W2342410406","https://openalex.org/W2614608017","https://openalex.org/W2760303343","https://openalex.org/W2767083252","https://openalex.org/W2890237875","https://openalex.org/W2921114453","https://openalex.org/W2921246914","https://openalex.org/W2971494243","https://openalex.org/W2982615885","https://openalex.org/W2985273010","https://openalex.org/W3108117129","https://openalex.org/W6634772692","https://openalex.org/W6637967040","https://openalex.org/W6679124988"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3015473028","https://openalex.org/W3201176751","https://openalex.org/W1993094293","https://openalex.org/W2029180842","https://openalex.org/W2024971119","https://openalex.org/W2057898405","https://openalex.org/W2953807518","https://openalex.org/W4307248189","https://openalex.org/W3093954335","https://openalex.org/W4205482204"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pairings":[0],"are":[1],"a":[2,83,86,93,97,104,174,179,206,210,221,230,237,247,253,257,290,297],"powerful":[3],"algebraic":[4],"setting":[5],"for":[6,12,131,136,168,176,185,244,246],"realizing":[7],"cryptographic":[8],"functionalities.":[9],"One":[10,69],"challenge":[11],"cryptographers":[13],"who":[14],"design":[15,71],"pairing":[16,119,146,166,213],"systems":[17,24,167],"is":[18,46,78,198,209],"that":[19,73,110,275],"the":[20,28,42,48,66,118,127,142,240,294],"complexity":[21],"of":[22,27,30,50,85,88,99,126,165,190,223,232,239],"many":[23,145],"in":[25,141,195,203,299],"terms":[26],"number":[29],"group":[31,121,215],"elements":[32,90,101,224,233],"and":[33,45,96,120,214,256],"equations":[34],"to":[35,63,76,115,160,229],"verify":[36],"has":[37],"been":[38],"steadily":[39],"increasing":[40],"over":[41,266,271],"past":[43],"decade":[44],"approaching":[47],"point":[49],"being":[51],"unwieldy.":[52],"To":[53,123],"combat":[54],"this":[55,132,162,196],"challenge,":[56],"multiple":[57],"independent":[58],"works":[59,130],"have":[60,134],"utilized":[61],"computers":[62],"help":[64],"with":[65,113,138,182,227],"system":[67],"design.":[68],"common":[70],"task":[72,133],"researchers":[74],"seek":[75],"automate":[77],"summarized":[79],"as":[80],"follows:":[81],"given":[82],"description":[84],"set":[87,98,222,231],"trusted":[89],"T":[91,116],"(e.g.,":[92,103,150],"public":[94],"key)":[95],"untrusted":[100],"U":[102,112,225],"signature),":[105],"automatically":[106,177],"generate":[107],"an":[108,242],"algorithm":[109,181,243],"verifies":[111,226],"respect":[114,228],"using":[117],"operations.":[122],"date,":[124],"none":[125],"prior":[128,281],"automation":[129],"support":[135,161,184],"solutions":[137],"rational":[139,186,251],"polynomials":[140],"exponents":[143],"despite":[144],"constructions":[147],"employing":[148],"them":[149],"Boneh-Boyen":[151],"signatures,":[152],"Gentry's":[153],"IBE,":[154],"Dodis-Yampolskiy":[155],"VRF).":[156],"We":[157,235],"demonstrate":[158],"how":[159],"essential":[163],"class":[164,189],"automated":[169],"exploration.":[170],"Specifically,":[171],"we":[172,193],"present":[173],"solution":[175,298],"generating":[178],"verification":[180,191],"novel":[183],"polynomials.":[187],"The":[188],"algorithms":[192],"consider":[194],"work":[197],"called":[199],"PPE":[200,207,248,291],"Circuits":[201],"(introduced":[202],"[HVW20]).":[204],"Intuitively,":[205],"Circuit":[208,249,292],"circuit":[211],"supporting":[212,250],"operations,":[216],"which":[217],"can":[218,278],"test":[219,273,287],"whether":[220],"T.":[234],"provide":[236],"formalization":[238],"problem,":[241],"searching":[245],"polynomials,":[252],"software":[254],"implementation,":[255],"detailed":[258],"performance":[259],"evaluation.":[260],"Our":[261],"implementation":[262],"was":[263],"tested":[264],"on":[265],"three":[267,300],"dozen":[268],"schemes,":[269],"including":[270],"ten":[272],"cases":[274,288],"our":[276],"tool":[277,295],"handle,":[279],"but":[280],"tools":[282],"could":[283],"not.":[284],"For":[285],"all":[286],"where":[289],"exists,":[293],"produced":[296],"minutes":[301],"or":[302],"less.":[303]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-25T21:42:39.735039","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}