{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209650911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482481","title":"Sparse Shield","display_name":"Sparse Shield","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209650911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482481","mag":"3209650911"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3459637.3482481","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482481","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/03f1204a-ef85-46be-b2f7-1987bdcf942a","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075174576","display_name":"Alexandru Petrescu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1770-5181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexandru Petrescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007725540","display_name":"Ciprian\u2010Octavian Truic\u0103","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7292-4462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ciprian-Octavian Truic\u0103","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026015539","display_name":"Elena\u2010Simona Apostol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6397-4951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena-Simona Apostol","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103092057","display_name":"Panagiotis Karras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0509-9129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Karras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075174576"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8165,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88001213,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1426","last_page":"1436"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.972599983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7470744848251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5922535061836243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"Misinformation","score":0.5353206992149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.5008115768432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.46897515654563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/censoring","display_name":"Censoring (clinical trials)","score":0.41558706760406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.4139365553855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3052651584148407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.21602672338485718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7470744848251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5922535061836243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.5353206992149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.5008115768432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.46897515654563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137668524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189813","display_name":"Censoring (clinical trials)","level":2,"score":0.41558706760406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.4139365553855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3052651584148407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.21602672338485718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3459637.3482481","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482481","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/03f1204a-ef85-46be-b2f7-1987bdcf942a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/03f1204a-ef85-46be-b2f7-1987bdcf942a","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Petrescu, A, Truica, C O, Apostol, E S & Karras, P 2021, Sparse Shield : Social Network Immunization vs. Harmful Speech. in Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management (CIKM '21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, pp. 1426-1436, 30th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, CIKM 2021, Virtual, Online, Australia, 01/11/2021. https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482481","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/03f1204a-ef85-46be-b2f7-1987bdcf942a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85119170304&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400063","display_name":"Scopus (Elsevier)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Petrescu, A, Truica, C O, Apostol, E S & Karras, P 2021, Sparse Shield : Social Network Immunization vs. Harmful Speech. in Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management (CIKM '21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, pp. 1426-1436, 30th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, CIKM 2021, Virtual, Online, Australia, 01/11/2021. https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482481","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/03f1204a-ef85-46be-b2f7-1987bdcf942a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/03f1204a-ef85-46be-b2f7-1987bdcf942a","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Petrescu, A, Truica, C O, Apostol, E S & Karras, P 2021, Sparse Shield : Social Network Immunization vs. Harmful Speech. in Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management (CIKM '21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, pp. 1426-1436, 30th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, CIKM 2021, Virtual, Online, Australia, 01/11/2021. https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482481","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1959608418","https://openalex.org/W2034413844","https://openalex.org/W2085419924","https://openalex.org/W2185894252","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2221900489","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2402962589","https://openalex.org/W2473555522","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2613977835","https://openalex.org/W2620540598","https://openalex.org/W2730046318","https://openalex.org/W2736925876","https://openalex.org/W2768785359","https://openalex.org/W2795924472","https://openalex.org/W2891243478","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2905107686","https://openalex.org/W2922580172","https://openalex.org/W2925661570","https://openalex.org/W2949678053","https://openalex.org/W2954709811","https://openalex.org/W2963953805","https://openalex.org/W2964270319","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2968179778","https://openalex.org/W2999010333","https://openalex.org/W2999894105","https://openalex.org/W3019320019","https://openalex.org/W3030681628","https://openalex.org/W3035390927","https://openalex.org/W3036385388","https://openalex.org/W3087613136","https://openalex.org/W3103061166","https://openalex.org/W3103900065","https://openalex.org/W3104239954","https://openalex.org/W3134067995","https://openalex.org/W3156680457","https://openalex.org/W3157826390","https://openalex.org/W3167278285","https://openalex.org/W3168175209","https://openalex.org/W3169088712","https://openalex.org/W3170099253","https://openalex.org/W3172282914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3197131596","https://openalex.org/W4390616380","https://openalex.org/W4388666321","https://openalex.org/W4205914924","https://openalex.org/W4225301003","https://openalex.org/W4388798880","https://openalex.org/W3160843552","https://openalex.org/W4229067106","https://openalex.org/W4220949352"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,8,19,36,52,62,90,121,141,144,161,165,169,177,219,244],"rise":[2],"of":[3,11,21,38,64,123,132,143,174,221,246],"social":[4],"media":[5,15],"users":[6,133],"and":[7,66,85,167,172],"general":[9],"shift":[10],"communication":[12],"from":[13,204],"traditional":[14],"to":[16,79,128,136,187,217,235],"online":[17],"platforms,":[18],"spread":[20,88],"harmful":[22,81,116,138,247],"content":[23,34,82,139],"(e.g.,":[24],"hate":[25,39],"speech,":[26],"misinformation,":[27],"fake":[28],"news)":[29],"has":[30],"been":[31],"exacerbated.":[32],"Harmful":[33],"in":[35,83,156],"form":[37],"speech":[40,117,248],"causes":[41],"a":[42,48,98,112,130,251],"person":[43],"distress":[44],"or":[45],"harm,":[46],"having":[47],"negative":[49,162],"impact":[50,122,163],"on":[51,61,164,197,200,243,250],"individual":[53,175],"mental":[54],"health,":[55],"with":[56,76,171],"even":[57],"more":[58],"detrimental":[59],"effects":[60],"psychology":[63],"children":[65],"teenagers.":[67],"In":[68],"this":[69,157],"paper,":[70],"we":[71,159],"propose":[72,111],"an":[73,190],"end-to-end":[74],"solution":[75,126],"real-time":[77,84],"capabilities":[78],"detect":[80],"mitigate":[86],"its":[87],"over":[89,224],"network.":[91],"Our":[92,125,193],"main":[93],"contribution":[94],"is":[95,179,195],"Sparse":[96,238],"Shield,":[97],"novel":[99,113],"method":[100,223],"that":[101,119,237],"out-scales":[102],"existing":[103,225,241],"state-of-the-art":[104,226],"methods":[105],"for":[106,115,134],"network":[107,154,166,227],"immunization.":[108,124],"We":[109,212,230],"also":[110,231],"architecture":[114],"mitigation":[118,249],"maximizes":[120],"aims":[127],"identify":[129],"set":[131],"which":[135],"move":[137],"at":[140],"bottom":[142],"user":[145,210],"feed,":[146],"rather":[147,183],"than":[148],"censoring":[149],"users.":[150],"By":[151],"immunizing":[152],"certain":[153],"nodes":[155],"manner,":[158],"minimize":[160,168],"interference":[170],"limitation":[173],"freedoms:":[176],"information":[178],"not":[180,184],"hidden":[181],"but":[182],"as":[185],"easy":[186],"reach":[188],"without":[189],"explicit":[191],"search.":[192],"analysis":[194],"based":[196],"graphs":[198,207],"built":[199],"real-world":[201,252],"data":[202],"collected":[203],"Twitter;":[205],"these":[206],"reflect":[208],"real":[209],"behavior.":[211],"perform":[213,232],"extensive":[214,233],"scalability":[215],"experiments":[216,234],"prove":[218],"superiority":[220],"our":[222],"immunization":[228],"techniques.":[229],"showcase":[236],"Shield":[239],"outperforms":[240],"techniques":[242],"task":[245],"dataset.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}